Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Steege, Hans ter; Pitman, Nigel C. A.; Killeen, Timothy J.; Laurance, William F.; Peres, Carlos A.; Guevara, Juan Ernesto; Salomão, Rafael de Paiva; Castilho, Carolina V.; Amaral, Iêda Leão do; Matos, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida; Coêlho, Luiz de Souza; Magnusson, William E.; Phillips, Oliver L.; Filho, Diógenes de Andrade Lima; Carim, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga; Irume, Mariana Victória; Martins, Maria Pires; Molino, Jean‐François; Sabatier, Daniel; Wittmann, Florian; López, Dairon Cárdenas; Guimarães, José Renan da Silva; Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo; Vargas, Percy Núñez; Manzatto, Ângelo Gilberto; Reis, Neidiane Farias Costa; Terborgh, John; Casula, Katia Regina; Montero, Juan Carlos; Feldpausch, Ted R.; Coronado, Eurídice N. Honorio; Montoya, Álvaro Javier Duque; Zartman, Charles E.; Mostacedo, Bonifacio; Vásquez, Rodolfo; Assis, Rafael Leandro de; Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante de; Simon, Marcelo F.; Andrade, Ana; Camargo, José Luís; Laurance, Susan G.; Nascimento, Henrique E. M.; Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes; Marimon, Ben‐Hur; Costa, Flávia R. C.; Targhetta, Natália; Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães; Brienen, Roel; Castellanos, Hernán; Duivenvoorden, Joost F.; Mogollón, Hugo F.; Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez; Aymard, A C Gerardo; Comiskey, J. A.; Damasco, Gabriel; Dávila, Nállarett; García‐Villacorta, Roosevelt; Díaz, Pablo Roberto Stevenson; Vincentini, Alberto; Emilio, Thaíse; Levis, Carolina; Schietti, Juliana; Souza, Priscila; Alonso, Alfonso; Dallmeier, Francisco; Ferreira, Leandro Valle; Neill, David; Araujo‐Murakami, Alejandro; Arroyo, Luzmila; Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes; Souza, Fernanda Coelho de; Amaral, Dário Dantas do; Gribel, Rogério; Luize, Bruno Garcia; Pansonato, Marcelo Petrati; Venticinque, Eduardo Martins; Fine, Paul V. A.; Toledo, Marisol; Baraloto, Christopher; Cerón, Carlos; Engel, Julien; Henkel, Terry W.; Jimenez, Eliana M.; Maas, P.J.M.; Peñuela, M. C.; Pétronelli, Pascal; Revilla, Juan David Cardenas; Silveira, Marcos; Stropp, Juliana; Thomas-Caesar, Raquel; Baker, Tim R.; Daly, Doug; Paredes, Marcos Ríos; Silva, Naara Ferreira da; Fuentes, Alfredo F.; Jørgensen, Peter M.; Schöngart, Jochen; Silman, Miles R.; Arboleda, Nicolás Castaño; Cintra, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat; Valverde, Fernando Cornejo; Fiore, Anthony Di; Phillips, Juan Fernando; Andel, Tinde van; Hildebrand, Patricio von; Barbosa, Edelcílio Marques; Bonates, Luiz Carlos de Matos; Castro, Deborah de; Farias, Emanuelle de Sousa; Gonzales, Therany; Guillaumet, Jean-Louis; Hoffman, Bruce; Malhi, Yadvinder; Miranda, Íres Paula de Andrade; Prieto, A.; Rudas, Agustín; Ruschell, Ademir R.; Silva, Natalino; Vela, César I. A.; Vos, Vincent; Zent, Egleé L.; Zent, Stanford; Cano, Ángela; Nascimento, Marcelo Trindade; Oliveira, Alexandre Adalardo de; Ramírez‐Angulo, Hirma; Ramos, José Ferreira; Sierra, Rodrigo; Tirado, Milton; Medina, María Natalia Umaña; Heijden, Geertje M. F. van der; Torre, Emilio Vilanova; Vriesendorp, Corine; Wang, Ophelia; Young, Kenneth R.; Baider, Cláudia; Balslev, Henrik; Castro, Natalia de; Farfán-Ríos, William; Ferreira, Cid; Mendoza, Casimiro; Mesones, Italo; Torres‐Lezama, Armando; Giraldo, Ligia Estela Urrego; Villarroel, Daniel; Zagt, Roderick; Alexiades, Miguel; Garcia‐Cabrera, Karina; Hernández, Lionel; Huamantupa‐Chuquimaco, Isau; Milliken, William; Cuenca, Walter Palacios; Pansini, Susamar; Pauletto, Daniela; Arévalo, Freddy Ramírez; Sampaio, Adeilza Felipe; Sandoval, Elvis H. Valderrama; Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500936

Cited by 138 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In addition, some studies document that invertebrates and plants are suffering massive losses of populations and species (35)(36)(37)(38). Here we extend investigation of mass extinction to terrestrial vertebrate population decreases and losses, and give estimates of the number of their species with decreasing populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Recent reviews indicate that species extinctions, population decreases, and range contraction (implying population extinctions) among terrestrial invertebrates and plants are as severe as among vertebrates (e.g., refs. [35][36][37][38]. For example, long-term monitoring of insect populations in the United Kingdom shows that 30-60% of species per taxonomic order have contracting ranges (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines

Ceballos

Ehrlich

Dirzo

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,820

1,176

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The population extinction pulse we describe here shows, from a quantitative viewpoint, that Earth's sixth mass extinction is more severe than perceived when looking exclusively at species extinctions. Therefore, humanity needs to address anthropogenic population extirpation and decimation immediately. That conclusion is based on analyses of the numbers and degrees of range contraction (indicative of population shrinkage and/or population extinctions according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature) using a sample of 27,600 vertebrate species, and on a more detailed analysis documenting the population extinctions between 1900 and 2015 in 177 mammal species. We find that the rate of population loss in terrestrial vertebrates is extremely high-even in "species of low concern." In our sample, comprising nearly half of known vertebrate species, 32% (8,851/27,600) are decreasing; that is, they have decreased in population size and range. In the 177 mammals for which we have detailed data, all have lost 30% or more of their geographic ranges and more than 40% of the species have experienced severe population declines (>80% range shrinkage). Our data indicate that beyond global species extinctions Earth is experiencing a huge episode of population declines and extirpations, which will have negative cascading consequences on ecosystem functioning and services vital to sustaining civilization. We describe this as a "biological annihilation" to highlight the current magnitude of Earth's ongoing sixth major extinction event.sixth mass extinction | population declines | population extinctions | conservation | ecosystem service

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines

Ceballos

Ehrlich

Dirzo

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,820

1,176

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In this region, more than 90 million ha of land is under pasture, in many cases as a result of forest conversion to cattle ranching, where meat and milk consumption probably assume greater political and economic importance than in any other region of the world. Forest degradation is a global environmental issue, resulting in biodiversity loss, increase in greenhouse gas emissions and a decrease in the generation of a number of ecosystem goods and services (Steege et al 2015;Corlett 2016). However, choosing appropriate levels of use based on reference states, ecological thresholds and forest values still remains difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State and transition model approach in native forests of Southern Patagonia (Argentina): linking ecosystem services, thresholds and resilience

Peri

López²,

Rusch

et al. 2017

International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Servic

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The sustainable use of ñire forests requires knowledge of its dynamics and management to maintain long-term main forest ecosystem services. The aim of this work was to develop a structural-functional state and transition model for ñire forests in southern Patagonia. For this, provincial inventory information was analyzed together with information from permanent PEBANPA plots (plots of Ecology and Biodiversity, natural environments in Southern Patagonia) and studies of ecology and eco-physiology in ñire forests. This allowed the description of plant communities on these ecological sites and the history of natural disturbances. Seven states and 10 negative transitions were described, as well the factors that trigger transitions (levels of grazing, fire and intense logging). Mature forests with low grazing, no extractive activity and complete canopy cover (>70%) correspond to the reference state or condition of greater integrity, and grassland or murtillar (dominance of Empetrum rubrum) with forest loss is considered the most degraded state. Negative transitions determine the threshold crossings associated with the reduction or loss of resilience to the previous or original state. The development of state and transition models allows for early warnings of deterioration and is a tool to achieve more productive and environmental value. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Biodiversity is threatened by the loss of natural habitats and climate change123. Tropical forests are under particular pressure, whilst also being the most diverse biomes on the planet4.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and carbon storage across the tropical forest biome

Sullivan¹,

Talbot²,

Lewis³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

287

262

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Tropical forests are global centres of biodiversity and carbon storage. Many tropical countries aspire to protect forest to fulfil biodiversity and climate mitigation policy targets, but the conservation strategies needed to achieve these two functions depend critically on the tropical forest tree diversity-carbon storage relationship. Assessing this relationship is challenging due to the scarcity of inventories where carbon stocks in aboveground biomass and species identifications have been simultaneously and robustly quantified. Here, we compile a unique pan-tropical dataset of 360 plots located in structurally intact old-growth closed-canopy forest, surveyed using standardised methods, allowing a multi-scale evaluation of diversity-carbon relationships in tropical forests. Diversity-carbon relationships among all plots at 1 ha scale across the tropics are absent, and within continents are either weak (Asia) or absent (Amazonia, Africa). A weak positive relationship is detectable within 1 ha plots, indicating that diversity effects in tropical forests may be scale dependent. The absence of clear diversity-carbon relationships at scales relevant to conservation planning means that carbon-centred conservation strategies will inevitably miss many high diversity ecosystems. As tropical forests can have any combination of tree diversity and carbon stocks both require explicit consideration when optimising policies to manage tropical carbon and biodiversity.

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Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Abstract: Analyses of forest loss and protected areas suggest that 36 to 57% of Amazonian tree flora may qualify as “globally threatened.”

Cited by 138 publications

References 65 publications

Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines

Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines

State and transition model approach in native forests of Southern Patagonia (Argentina): linking ecosystem services, thresholds and resilience

Diversity and carbon storage across the tropical forest biome

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