“…According to economic theory, the standard of living variable consists of three important characteristics (Cullinan et al, 2011;Zaidi & Burchardt, 2003). Our survey collected information on different items which can be used as proxies of the standard of living including saving ability (has any saving) and 34 household assets (type of house, tap water, flush toilet, cooking energy, television, radio, video, fridge, air conditioner, electric fan, heater, washing machine, electric water boiler, rice cooker, microwave, telephone, mobile phone, computer, Internet, gas cook, stove, sofa, motorbike, bike, electric bike, car, truck, boat, electric generator, agriculture machine, vacuum cleaner, camera, satellite TV and kettle), which may cover the wider range of income.…”