Estimating the Effective Permittivity for Reconstructing Accurate Microwave-Radar Images

Lavoie, Benjamin R.; Okoniewski, M.; Fear, Elise C.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160849

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These four metrics estimate a value of 1 r ≈ 5.7 which is 10% higher than the true value of 1 r ¼ 5.2. However, as shown in Figs 2(c) and 2(e), reconstructed images within the range 1 r ¼ [5,6] do correctly identify the tumor location. For all metrics, the correlations with the ideal curve are worse than in the homogeneous case.…”

Section: A) Quantitative Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…These studies have also highlighted the requirement for good estimates of the patient-specific dielectric properties in order to create a sharp and focused image of the breast. Consequently, a number of these groups have begun to examine new methods to estimate the patient-specific average dielectric properties, as part of the breast imaging process [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In this paper, a new method to estimate the average dielectric properties is presented and evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physical basis for CMI is the dielectric contrast between healthy and cancerous breast tissue [6] and the ability to identify the source of reflected microwave energy from within the breast. The source of the reflected energy is a significant dielectric scatterer, and its precise location can be established using an estimate of the average dielectric properties of the breast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Focal quality metrics for the objective evaluation of confocal microwave images

O’Loughlin

Krewer

Glavin

et al. 2017

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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Focal quality metrics for the objective evaluation of confocal microwave images declan o'loughlin, finn krewer, martin glavin, edward jones and martin o'halloran Confocal microwave imaging for breast cancer detection relies on accurate knowledge of the average dielectric properties of the patient-specific breast. When accurately estimated, coherent addition will occur at the tumor site, producing a clear and sharp image thereof. Conversely, if the average dielectric properties are poorly estimated, a blurred, unfocused image will be reconstructed, potentially obscuring cancerous lesions. Several methods have been proposed to estimate the patient-specific average dielectric properties, for example, time-of-flight estimation. However, such methods are specific to the individual imaging hardware, can be susceptible to multipath propagation and assume the chosen paths are representative of the whole volume. In this paper, a novel method to estimate the patient-specific average dielectric properties is presented, based on focal quality metrics (FQMs); used historically to measure the clarity and focus of microscopic or digital photographic images. These FQMs are applied to confocal microwave breast images to assess their focus, and hence estimate the patientspecific average dielectric properties. In this way, FQMs can be used to generate the optimum microwave image of the breast. The performance and robustness of these FQMs for microwave breast imaging applications is examined in this paper and preliminary results are presented and discussed.

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Section: A) Quantitative Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Focal quality metrics for the objective evaluation of confocal microwave images

O’Loughlin

Krewer

Glavin

et al. 2017

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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“…The images showed responses consistent with the known clinical history in five patients, while various degrees of ambiguity surrounded the remaining three patients due to patient complexity and technical issues during data acquisition [69]. While the number of patients included in the initial trial was small, further clinical trials are planned with a new generation system [70,71].…”

Section: Microwave Breast Imaging (Mbi)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Breast Cancer Detection—A Synopsis of Conventional Modalities and the Potential Role of Microwave Imaging

et al. 2020

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Global statistics have demonstrated that breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed invasive cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among female patients. Survival following a diagnosis of breast cancer is grossly determined by the stage of the disease at the time of initial diagnosis, highlighting the importance of early detection. Improving early diagnosis will require a multi-faceted approach to optimizing the use of currently available imaging modalities and investigating new methods of detection. The application of microwave technologies in medical diagnostics is an emerging field of research, with breast cancer detection seeing the most significant progress in the last twenty years. In this review, the application of current conventional imaging modalities is discussed, and recurrent shortcomings highlighted. Microwave imaging is rapid and inexpensive. If the preliminary results of its diagnostic capacity are substantiated, microwave technology may offer a non-ionizing, non-invasive, and painless adjunct or stand-alone modality that could possibly be implemented in routine diagnostic breast care. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, B.M.M., D.O.'L, S.A.E., and M.J.K.; writing-original draft preparation, B.M.M., D.O.'L and S.A.E., writing-review and editing, B.M.M., D.O.'L, S.A.E., and M.J.K.; supervision, M.J.K.; funding acquisition, M.J.K.; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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“…While developed for a particular UWB antenna, the method is anticipated to apply to other antenna designs operating in contact with tissues. We aim for an accuracy of 10% in order to be comparable with existing methods such as the open-ended probe [14], and to estimate background properties in microwave breast radar imaging where accuracy of approximately 10-20% is required for proper image reconstruction [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenna Calibration Method for Dielectric Property Estimation of Biological Tissues at Microwave Frequencies

Garrett¹,

Bourqui²,

Fear³

2017

PIER

Self Cite

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Abstract-We aim to estimate the average dielectric properties of centimeter-scale volumes of biological tissues. A variety of approaches to measurement of dielectric properties of materials at microwave frequencies have been demonstrated in the literature and in practice. However, existing methods are not suitable for noninvasive measurement of in vivo biological tissues due to high property contrast with air, and the need to conform with the shape of the human body. To overcome this, a method of antenna calibration has been adapted and developed for use with an antenna system designed for biomedical applications, allowing for the estimation of permittivity and conductivity. This technique requires only two calibration procedures and does not require any special manufactured components. Simulated and measured results are presented between 3 to 8 GHz for materials with properties expected in biological tissues. Error bounds and an analysis of sources of error are provided.

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Estimating the Effective Permittivity for Reconstructing Accurate Microwave-Radar Images

Cited by 29 publications

References 32 publications

Focal quality metrics for the objective evaluation of confocal microwave images

Focal quality metrics for the objective evaluation of confocal microwave images

Breast Cancer Detection—A Synopsis of Conventional Modalities and the Potential Role of Microwave Imaging

Antenna Calibration Method for Dielectric Property Estimation of Biological Tissues at Microwave Frequencies

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