Estimating the Economic Base Multiplier: A Test of Alternative Procedures

Services and the changing economic base of regions in the united states

“…A variant on the location quotient approach is the minimum requirements approach, pioneered by Ullman and Dacey [1960]. This technique was also shown by Tiebout [1962] to underestimate export levels, but Gibson and Worden [1981] defended it in an analysis of communities in Arizona. For the purposes of this paper, the minimum requirements approach has been utilised.…”

Minimum Requirements and Regional Economics, 1980

“…In 1981, Gibson and Warden published a study which compared a number of methods of estimating regional trade multipliers [1]. They compared these techniques against the results of census survey data taken in 20 smaller communities ranging in population from 3,000 to 15,000.…”

Revisiting interindustry employment requirements in nonmetropolitan economies

“…Adjustments to the employment figures were made for regional commuting patterns and the role of non-earnings income in local demand was recognized (see below). As Gibson and Worden (1981) demonstrated some time ago, the resulting job bifurcations of this database cannot be replicated by any of the traditional shortcut methods.…”