Estimating the direct Covid-19 disability-adjusted life years impact on the Malta population for the first full year

Abstract

Background Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) combine the impact of morbidity and mortality, allowing for comprehensive comparisons of the population. The aim was to estimate the DALYs due to Covid-19 in Malta (March 2020–21) and investigate its impact in relation to other causes of disease at a population level. Methods Mortality and weekly hospital admission data were used to calculate DALYs, based on the European Burden of Disease Network consensus Covid-19 model. Covid-19 infection duration of 14 days was considered. Sensitivity analyses for different morbidity scenarios, including post-acute consequences were presented. Results An estimated 70,421 people were infected (with and without symptoms) by Covid-19 in Malta (March 2020–1), out of which 1636 required hospitalisation and 331 deaths, contributing to 5478 DALYs. These DALYs positioned Covid-19 as the fourth leading cause of disease in Malta. Mortality contributed to 95% of DALYs, while post-acute consequences contributed to 60% of morbidity. Conclusions Covid-19 over 1 year has impacted substantially the population health in Malta. Post-acute consequences are the leading morbidity factors that require urgent targeted action to ensure timely multidisciplinary care. It is recommended that DALY estimations in 2021 and beyond are calculated to assess the impact of vaccine roll-out and emergence of new variants.

Estimating the direct Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in the Republic of Ireland: The first full year

“…(20,22) Studies of approximately 1 year duration completed in Germany, Scotland, and Malta estimate DALYs of 305,641, 96,519 and 5,478 respectively. (24,25,23)…”

“…This is similar to findings in South Korea and the United States with YLL per death of 9.46 and 9.23 respectively, (20,21) however, other national BoD studies indicated YLL per death ranging from 4.79 to 15.79. (22,23) Variation in YLL per death across studies is influenced by which life valuation table is applied. Despite extensive population health interventions designed specifically to reduce the risk of COVID-19, deaths directly related to the virus are likely to rank second when compared to RoI 2019 mortality data.…”

Modelling the potential acute and post-acute burden of COVID-19 under the Australian border re-opening plan

“… Nil Nil Asymptomatic Not considered Nil Nil Moderate Calculated based on the reported symptomatic infections minus the Ward admission and ICU admission reported in Table ES1, ES2, 2.3 and 2.4 from Doherty Modelling report [ 6 ]. 14 days [ 17 ] 0.051 (0.032 – 0.074) a [ 10 , 11 ] Severe Reported in Table ES1, ES2, 2.3 and 2.4 from Doherty Modelling report [ 6 ]. 14 days [ 17 ] 0.133 (0.088 – 0.190) a [ 10 , 11 ] Critical Reported in Table ES1, ES2, 2.3 and 2.4 from Doherty Modelling report [ 6 ].…”

“… 14 days [ 17 ] 0.051 (0.032 – 0.074) a [ 10 , 11 ] Severe Reported in Table ES1, ES2, 2.3 and 2.4 from Doherty Modelling report [ 6 ]. 14 days [ 17 ] 0.133 (0.088 – 0.190) a [ 10 , 11 ] Critical Reported in Table ES1, ES2, 2.3 and 2.4 from Doherty Modelling report [ 6 ]. 14 days [ 17 ] 0.655 (0.579 – 0.727) a [ 10 , 11 ] Post-acute consequences (ONS) Start at 25.91% (23.2 to 29.0%) 2 weeks after initial COVID infection [ 18 ] a See notes below on how we compute for the COVID-19 survivors noted in this calculation.…”

Knowledge of COVID-19 and its prevention among rural residents in Fuqing, China

“…Currently, there is no doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic is the most severe public health crisis for all countries and regions of the world [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. From the central government to the local governments at all levels in the mainland of China adopt strong preventive measures [ 4 , 5 ].…”