Estimating the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Brazil

Abstract

At the current vaccine price, conjugate vaccination could be a cost-effective investment compared to other options to control childhood diseases. Further analysis is required to determine whether vaccination at the current price is affordable to Brazil.

A systematic review of health economic evaluations of vaccines in Brazil

“…1), 20 were full HEEs that dealt with vaccines, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] all them published between 1995 and 2013. Figure 2 shows the growth in the number of HEEs on vaccines published in the period.…”

“…13,14,30 Indirect effects of the vaccination program (herd protection) was considered in 40% (8/ 20) of the reviewed studies: in 5 studies, which assessed HPV (2 studies), varicella, hepatitis A and dengue vaccination programs, 19,[26][27][28]32 the indirect effects were captured in the base case analysis by a dynamic model; and in 3 studies that assessed childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination using statistic decision tree model, the indirect protection was evaluated in a secondary or sensitivity analysis. [21][22][23] Six studies did not take indirect protection into account 14,17,18,24,25,29 and 6 did not inform. 13,15,16,20,30,31 Table 2 and Table 3 present the main methodological characteristics of the selected articles.…”

“…18,23,29 Sixteen of the 20 articles (80%) were published in international journals; 5 in scientific journals specialized in vaccines, 4 in public health journals, 5 in infectious diseases journals. Only 2 of them were published in health economics specialized journals, and one in medical informatics journal.…”

“…Six studies (30%) were funded by the pharmaceutical industry, 14,18,[21][22][23][24] 6 (30%) by the government and research funding agencies, 17,19,25,[28][29][30] and 3 (15%) were financed by research institutes. 15,31,32 Conflict of interest was reported in 35% (7/20) of the studies; 5 articles reported having conflict of interest.…”

Custos hospitalares da meningite causada por Streptococcus pneumoniae na cidade de São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil

“…Os estudos de custo-efetividade têm demonstrado que os investimentos em imunizações são custo-efetivos, especialmente no que diz respeito à doença pneumocóci-ca 13,20,21,22,23,24,25,26 . Como o investimento em vacinas é um investimento presente para um retorno futuro e o custo da introdução de uma nova vacina passa a ser, em um primeiro momento, um custo a mais que se soma ao custo do tratamento da doença a ser prevenida, muitas vezes, não é considerado como custo-efetivo por tomadores de decisão menos atentos.…”