Estimating the Bowen ratio over the open and ice‐covered ocean

Andreas, Edgar L.; Jordan, Rachel; Mahrt, L.; Vickers, Dean

doi:10.1002/jgrc.20295

Cited by 24 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…In stable stratification, however, because of flux divergence, the flight‐level fluxes may differ significantly from the surface fluxes. As in Andreas et al (, ), we therefore calculated z ac / L for each aircraft run, where z ac is the aircraft's flight level and L is the measured Obukhov length. We retained for our analysis only data for which

- \infty < z_{ac} / L \leq 0.1

.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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An improved bulk air–sea surface flux algorithm, including spray‐mediated transfer

Andreas

Mahrt

Vickers

2014

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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132

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A bulk air–sea flux algorithm couples the ocean and the lower atmosphere through flux boundary conditions and can be used in various analyses and in numerical models. The algorithm described here has two features not present in any other existing bulk flux algorithm. First, it has a new air–sea drag relation. Here, for wind speeds above about 9 m s−1, the friction velocity u✻, which is related to the square root of the surface stress, is linearly related to UN10, the neutral‐stability 10 m wind speed. When extrapolated to hurricane‐strength winds, this drag relation has better properties than relations formulated in terms of a drag coefficient or a roughness length. The second unique feature of this flux algorithm is that it recognizes two routes by which heat and moisture cross the air–sea interface: one is the interfacial route, which is controlled by molecular processes right at the air–sea interface; the second is the spray‐mediated route, which is governed by microphysical processes at the surface of sea spray droplets. Through microphysical theory and our analysis of 4000 sets of eddy‐covariance measurements of the scalar fluxes, we separate the measured fluxes into the interfacial and spray contributions and thereby produce the only spray flux algorithm tested and validated against oceanic data. Because all components of our flux algorithm are physics‐based and validated with data for winds up to 25 m s−1, one application is extrapolating this algorithm to hurricane‐strength winds, where sea spray plays a dominant role in scalar transfer.

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- \infty < z_{ac} / L \leq 0.1

.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data that we use in our analysis are some of the same sets that Mahrt et al (2012), Andreas et al (2012Andreas et al ( , 2013, and Vickers et al (2013) have been using recently. Table 1 lists these datasets.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved bulk air–sea surface flux algorithm, including spray‐mediated transfer

Andreas

Mahrt

Vickers

2014

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

Self Cite

132

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“…Turbulence measurements made over the Arctic pack ice during the SHEBA took place in the Beaufort Gyre from 2 October 1997 to 11 October 1998. Andreas et al (, , , ), Persson et al (), Persson () and Grachev et al (, , , ) describe the SHEBA site, various measurements over the Arctic sea ice, data processing, accuracy of measurements, instrument calibration, etc. Here we provide some relevant information about the turbulence and profile measurements in the near‐surface atmosphere during the SHEBA.…”

Section: Data and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarity theory based on the Dougherty–Ozmidov length scale

Grachev

Andreas

Fairall

et al. 2014

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Local similarity theory is suggested based on the Brunt-Vaisala frequency and the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy instead the turbulent fluxes used in the traditional Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. Based on dimensional analysis (Pi theorem), it is shown that any properly scaled statistics of the small-scale turbulence are universal functions of a stability parameter defined as the ratio of a reference height z and the Dougherty-Ozmidov length scale which in the limit of z-less stratification is linearly proportional to the Obukhov length scale. Measurements of atmospheric turbulence made at five levels on a 20-m tower over the Arctic pack ice during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment (SHEBA) are used to examine the behaviour of different similarity functions in the stable boundary layer. It is found that in the framework of this approach the non-dimensional turbulent viscosity is equal to the gradient Richardson number whereas the non-dimensional turbulent thermal diffusivity is equal to the flux Richardson number. These results are a consequence of the approximate local balance between production of turbulence by the mean flow shear and viscous dissipation. The turbulence framework based on the Brunt-Vaisala frequency and the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy may have practical advantages for estimating turbulence when the fluxes are not directly available.Comment: Manuscript submitted to Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (04 April 2014

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“…The BREB method has been widely used to estimate water vapor flux on evaporation surfaces (Savage et al, 2009;Elsawwaf et al, 2010;Potter et al, 2011;Andreas et al, 2013;Peake et al, 2013) and has been applied to calibrate and validate the reference evaporation models, also at regional level (Xing et al, 2008;Zeggaf et al, 2008;Unlu et al, 2010;Bezerra et al, 2012;Uddin et al, 2013) and under advective conditions (Gavilan and Berengena, 2007). Balbontin-Nesvara et al (2011) evaluated and compared the EC and BREB methods to estimate the daily ET in an irrigated vineyard located in the semiarid region of Tarazona de la Mancha (Spain), obtaining very similar values with practically negligible underestimations of the ET calculated using the BREB method against the EC method, what demonstrated the validity and accuracy of the BREB method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%