Estimating the Best Exponent of the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation and Regionalizing the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation Under Hydro-Climatic Condition of Ethiopia

Abstract

Soil erosion and sediment transport are quite complex processes as they depend on physical, biological, mechanical, and chemical processes within a particular catchment. Therefore, it is highly essential to better explain engaged physical processes and means of accounting for site-specific conditions, for soil loss and sediment yield estimation. This paper mainly focuses on physical explanations behind soil erosion and common soil erosion models like Universal or Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE/RUSLE) and Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation(MUSLE). Based on the physical explanations and overall limitations, the MUSLE is selected for the application of sediment yield estimation. The main objective of this paper is to estimate the best exponent of the MUSLE, and to estimate the best combination of the exponent and topographic factor of the MUSLE under hydro-climatic conditions of Ethiopia. For the sake of calibration procedure, the main parameters of the MUSLE which directly affect soil erosion process such as cover, conservation practice, soil erodibility, and topographic factors are estimated based on the past experiences from literature and comparative approaches, whereas the other parameters which do not directly affect the erosion process or which have no any physical meaning (i.e coefficient a and exponent b) are estimated through calibration. It is verified that the best exponent of the MUSLE is 1 irrespective of the topographic factor, which results in the maximum performance of the MUSLE (i.e approximately 100\%). For the best combination of the exponent and topographic factor, the performance of the MUSLE is greater than or equal to 80\% for all four watersheds under our consideration, we expect the same for other watersheds of Ethiopia.

Analysis of Erosion and Sedimentation Rates of Pengga Dam Using MUSLE Method

“…Surface runoff, or direct runoff, consistently travels across the ground surface before and after reaching a channel [15]. The runoff factor in the MUSLE signifies both the energy employed in transporting and dislodging sediment, making it the most reliable indicator for estimating sediment yield during specific storm occurrences [11]. The K factor is determined by assessing the soil's ability to withstand the erosive forces of rainfall and runoff energy.…”

“…Likewise, the RUSLE method also modifies USLE, where there are developments in the rain erosivity model [8,9,10]. Essentially, the choice of methods for modelling soil erosion depends on the data needed and what data is accessible (including both its quality and quantity), as well as the constraints of a given model (such as its underlying assumptions and principles) and how well it performs under certain conditions [11]. The advantages of this method are easy to administer, is widely used worldwide, describes critical processes in hydrology, and can measure the amount of sediment produced.…”