Estimating the annual frequency and cost of voltage sags for customers of five Finnish distribution companies

Economic cost evaluation of time varying voltage dips

“…scribe relationship between nal-the-better as discussed mon used loss functions as c function and inverted essed in the form of (6) neral inverted probability (7) ity function of the quality n x=T, this pdf reaches its , and m=max is called the loss inversion ty function of voltage dip is ximum value at x=T. Then (8) , therefore, the inverted can be rewritten as (9) s [9].…”

“…There are several existing methods to evaluate voltage dip cost including the following directions: probability [4] [6], weighting factors [5] [7], fault frequency [8] and quality engineering theory [9]. Specially, after considering both the impacts of voltage dips magnitudes and durations, [4] [6] estimate the trip probability of voltage dips in accordance to the requirement of sensitive equipment.…”

“…Considering the economic impacts relationship between voltage dip and short interruption, [5] [7] evaluate voltage dip cost according to weighting factors which take short interruption cost as the basic value. The authors in [8] apply fault analysis simulation to estimate frequencies of voltage dip occurrences to evaluate voltage dip cost. In [9], it proposes an approach that uses Quality Loss Function and Signal-to-Noise Ratio to estimate voltage dip cost.…”

Voltage dips and swells in Danish distribution grids

“…These brief, but sometimes large, changes in the voltage can have an adverse effect for some customers who may have sensitive equipment that may be affected by these rapid changes in the voltage [1].…”