Estimating the age of formation of lakes: An example from Lake Tanganyika, East African Rift system

Cohen, Andrew S.; Soreghan, Michael J.; Scholz, Christopher A.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0511:etaofo>2.3.co;2

Cited by 289 publications

(217 citation statements)

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“…Lithologic data, as well as the ages from site 323, suggest that turbidite sedimentation rates during glacial periods were somewhat higher than those during interglacial periods (Nelson et al 1999). The lack of age estimates for full-glacial turbidite sedimentation may also explain why long-term rates of sediment accumulation measured so far in Lake Baikal are somewhat less than those measured in other large rift lakes, which are typically closer to 100 cm/ kyr (Cohen et al 1993;Scholz and Hutchinson 2000).…”

Section: Accumulation Rates and Age Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Accumulation of sediments in rift basins can be used to estimate the age of the basins, and thus the age of initiation of rifting (Cohen et al 1993;Lezzar et al 1996). Although subaerial stratigraphy and structure sometimes provides evidence concerning rifting history, it is difficult to transfer age estimates derived from such data to deposits in the center of the basins.…”

Section: Accumulation Rates and Age Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the Baikal Rift, for example, data of this kind yield estimates for the onset of rifting that vary from Oligocene to Pliocene (Hutchinson et al 1992). Sedimentation rates derived from radiocarbon ages combined with sediment thicknesses derived from seismic-reflection data provide a more direct method (RSRM-reflection-seismic radiocarbon method- Cohen et al 1993) of estimating the age of the rifting and (or) other basin events (Lezzar et al 1996). The primary (and large) uncertainty in this method is extrapolation of modern sedimentation processes and their rates into the past.…”

Section: Accumulation Rates and Age Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quaternary Sedimentation and Subsidence History of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Based on Seismic Stratigraphy and Coring

Colman¹,

Karabanov²,

Nelson³

2003

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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The long, continuous, high-latitude, stratigraphic record of Lake Baikal was deposited in three broad sedimentary environments, defined by high-resolution seismic-reflection and coring methods: (1) turbidite depositional systems, by far the most widespread, characterizing most of the margins and floors of the main basins of the lake, (2) large deltas of major drainages, and (3) tectonically or topographically isolated ridges and banks. Holocene sedimentation rates based on radiocarbon ages vary by more than an order of magnitude among these environments, from less than about 0.03 mm/yr on ridges and banks to more than about 0.3 mm/yr on basin floors. Extrapolating these rates, with a correction for compaction, yields tentative estimates of about 25 and 11 Ma for the inception of rifting in the Central and North basins, respectively, and less than 6 Ma for the 200-m sediment depth on Academician Ridge.The Selenga Delta has the distinctive form of a classic prograding Gilbert-type delta, but its history appears to represent a complex combination of tectonism and sedimentation. The central part of the delta is underlain by prograding, shallow-water sequences, now several hundred meters below the lake surface. These deposits and much of the delta slope are mantled by fine-grained, deep-water, hemipelagic deposits whose base is estimated to be about 650,000 years old. Modern coarse-grained sediment bypasses the delta slope through fault-controlled canyons that feed large, subaqueous fans at the ends of the South and Central basins. These relations, along with abundant other evidence of recent faulting and the great depths of the Central and South basins, suggest that these two rift basins have experienced a period of unusually rapid subsidence over the last 650,000 years, during at least part of which sedimentation has failed to keep pace.

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Section: Accumulation Rates and Age Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Accumulation Rates and Age Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accumulation Rates and Age Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quaternary Sedimentation and Subsidence History of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Based on Seismic Stratigraphy and Coring

Colman¹,

Karabanov²,

Nelson³

2003

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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“…This does not refute the assumed lacustrine origin of the East African clades, but underscores a much more complex history for the megadiverse haplochromine radiations. It is important to acknowledge how alternating wet and dry climates over the Late Cenozoic affected the entire East African region, as shown from sediment cores of its lakes [52][53][54][55]. These events probably complemented more widespread impacts of the Neogene tectonism across southern and east Africa, where uplift of the Kalahari Plateau [37,38,56] transfigured the drainage, exemplified in the incision of the lower River Congo rapids into Africa's western margin [40,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated trans-watershed hybridization among haplochromine cichlids (Cichlidae) was triggered by Neogene landscape evolution

et al. 2012

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The megadiverse haplochromine cichlid radiations of the East African lakes, famous examples of explosive speciation and adaptive radiation, are according to recent studies, introgressed by different riverine lineages. This study is based on the first comprehensive mitochondrial and nuclear DNA dataset from extensive sampling of riverine haplochromine cichlids. It includes species from the lower River Congo and Angolan (River Kwanza) drainages. Reconstruction of phylogenetic hypotheses revealed the paradox of clearly discordant phylogenetic signals. Closely related mtDNA haplotypes are distributed thousands of kilometres apart and across major African watersheds, whereas some neighbouring species carry drastically divergent mtDNA haplotypes. At shallow and deep phylogenetic layers, strong signals of hybridization are attributed to the complex Late Miocene/Early Pliocene palaeohistory of African rivers. Hybridization of multiple lineages across changing watersheds shaped each of the major haplochromine radiations in lakes Tanganyika, Victoria, Malawi and the Kalahari Palaeolakes, as well as a miniature species flock in the Congo basin (River Fwa). On the basis of our results, introgression occurred not only on a spatially restricted scale, but massively over almost the whole range of the haplochromine distribution. This provides an alternative view on the origin and exceptional high diversity of this enigmatic vertebrate group.

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“…In magmatically controlled rifts, long-wavelength crustal updoming and deposits, because old strata either lie below thick volcano-sedimentary sequences or areally extensive lakes [e.g., Flannery and Rosendahl, 1990;Cohen et al, 1993;Scholz et al, 1994;Hautot et al, 2000], or because differential faulting, uplift, and erosion along the rift flanks have been insufficient to expose such deposits. For these reasons, many studies of the spatiotemporal trends in rift-basin formation have relied on the combined analysis of geophysical data, field observations, and isolated drill-core data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cenozoic extension in the Kenya Rift from low‐temperature thermochronology: Links to diachronous spatiotemporal evolution of rifting in East Africa

et al. 2015

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Key points: Data and modeling show Paleogene and middle Miocene cooling episodes  Cooling episodes separated by stable conditions, slow exhumation or subsidence  Extension pattern is compatible with random rift initiation above a plume This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/2015TC003949 ©2015 American Geophysical Union. All rights reserved. AbstractThe cooling history of rift shoulders and the subsidence history of rift basins are cornerstones for reconstructing the morphotectonic evolution of extensional geodynamic provinces, assessing their role in paleoenvironmental changes, and evaluating the resource potential of their basin fills. Our apatite fission-track and zircon (U-Th)/He data from the Samburu Hills and the Elgeyo Escarpment in the northern and central sectors of the Kenya Rift indicate a broadly consistent thermal evolution of both regions. Results of thermal modeling support a three-phased thermal history since the early Paleocene. The first phase (~65-50 Ma) was characterized by rapid cooling of the rift shoulders and may be coeval with faulting and sedimentation in the Anza Rift basin, now located in the subsurface of the Turkana depression and areas to the east in northern Kenya. In the second phase, very slow cooling or slight reheating occurred between ~45 and 15 Ma as a result of either stable surface conditions, very slow exhumation, or subsidence. The third phase comprised renewed rapid cooling starting at ~15 Ma. This final cooling represents the most recent stage of rifting, which followed widespread flood-phonolite emplacement and has shaped the present-day landscape through rift shoulder uplift, faulting, basin filling, protracted volcanism, and erosion. When compared with thermochronologic and geologic data from other sectors of the East African Rift System, extension appears to be diachronous, spatially disparate, and partly overlapping, likely driven by interactions between mantle-driven processes and crustal heterogeneities, rather than the previously suggested north-south migrating influence of a mantle plume.

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Estimating the age of formation of lakes: An example from Lake Tanganyika, East African Rift system

Cited by 289 publications

References 0 publications

Quaternary Sedimentation and Subsidence History of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Based on Seismic Stratigraphy and Coring

Quaternary Sedimentation and Subsidence History of Lake Baikal, Siberia, Based on Seismic Stratigraphy and Coring

Repeated trans-watershed hybridization among haplochromine cichlids (Cichlidae) was triggered by Neogene landscape evolution

Cenozoic extension in the Kenya Rift from low‐temperature thermochronology: Links to diachronous spatiotemporal evolution of rifting in East Africa

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