Estimating the Age at Death in a Group of Historically Unknown Adults

Iwamoto, Sotaro; Konishi, Masayoshi

doi:10.2535/ofaj1936.70.2-3_105

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…RCA is generally lower in skeletal elements with reduced mechanical strain environments (Auerbach & Ruff, 2006; Peck & Stout, 2007; Stewart, Goliath, Stout, & Hubbe, 2015; Trinkaus, Churchill, & Ruff, 1994). Age‐estimation methods that sample the whole cortex or large cortical regions for OPD have equations specific to skeletal elements (Cho et al, 2002; Gocha, 2014; Iwamoto & Konishi, 1993; Stout et al, 1996; Stout & Paine, 1992). Mechanical effects on OPD, osteon size, and cortical area might influence method accuracy in other bones (Cho et al, 2002).…”

Section: Histomorphometric Variability and Age‐at‐death Estimation Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and emerging histomorphometric and imaging techniques for assessingage‐at‐deathand cortical bone quality

Andronowski

Cole

2020

WIREs Forensic Science

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Bones are dynamic living organs that undergo continual change throughout life. An internal process of tissue renewal, called remodeling, removes mature microscopic packets of bone, and replaces them with new bone in a highly coordinated manner. To date, it remains difficult to directly observe and track individual remodeling events in cortical bone due to the small size of the structures involved. High‐resolution imaging techniques hold the potential to provide novel three‐dimensional information pertaining to changes in bone's microarchitecture, cortical porosity, and the remodeling process. This review critically explores the methodological approaches used historically by researchers to assess the products of remodeling within cortical bone and relate it to age‐at‐death estimation, extending from histology to modern ex vivo imaging modalities, and discusses the growing potential of in vivo imaging. We further provide an introduction to various histological indicators of bone quality and fragility, their forensic relevance, and examples of novel imaging modalities employed for their investigation. The review concludes with an introduction to cutting‐edge in vivo four‐dimensional imaging techniques that include the use of animal models to shed new light on the dynamic nature of bone, and the processes of bone aging and disease. Data gleaned from these new insights will ultimately lead to the development of future histologic age‐estimation methods in forensic anthropology. This article is categorized under: Forensic Anthropology > Age Assessment Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Emerging Technologies and Methods Forensic Medicine > Imaging Modalities

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Section: Histomorphometric Variability and Age‐at‐death Estimation Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and emerging histomorphometric and imaging techniques for assessingage‐at‐deathand cortical bone quality

Andronowski

Cole

2020

WIREs Forensic Science

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“…Human bones, excavated from archaeological sites, were also examined histometrically [4,8,14]. On the other hand, histometrical studies on animal bones [1, 5, 7, 10-12, 15, 16] did not include bones of raccoon dogs and badgers.…”

Section: Morphometrical Observations In Cross Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Histometrical Study on the Long Bones of Raccoon Dogs, Nyctereutes procyonoides and Badgers, Meles meles.

et al. 1998

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ABSTRACT. To obtain the data required for identification of skeletal remains excavated from archaeological sites, histometrical observations were made in the cross sections of the mid-shaft of humerus, radius, femur and tibia of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and badgers (Meles meles) captured in Kagoshima Prefecture. There were interspecific differences between both animals in the breadth, the depth and the area of medullary cavity at the mid-shaft of the bones. In badgers, all measurements were greater in male than in female bones. The thickness and the area of compact bones in male raccoon dogs were larger than those of female. No differences in histological structure could be detected among the bones, but an interspecific difference was found in the shape of osteons; round and constant-sized osteons consisting of 3 to 5 lamellae in raccoon dogs, while round or elliptic osteons varying in size from 3 to 8 lamellae in badgers. The ratios, the osteon areas per unit compact bone areas, were higher in all the bones of raccoon dogs. The short diameters of osteons and the ratios were greater in males in both animals. In females, the short diameter of osteons was smaller, and the number of osteons was larger. The results revealed interspecific differences between both animals and sexual dimorphism in each species. -KEY WORDS: badger, bone histometry, interspecific difference, raccoon dog, sexual dimorphism.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 60(3): 323-326, 1998 in the present study. The animal with the closed epiphyseal lines of long bones was regarded as adult. Two cross sections (1 mm thick) were obtained from each mid-shaft of the bone. The specimens were dehydrated in a graded ethanol series and embedded in Rigorac, a polyester resin to prepare undecalcified ground sections (30 to 40 µm thick). After the ground sections were observed with a light microscope, 9 items shown in Table 1 with their abbreviations were measured with an image analyzer (Nikon COSMOZONE Is) in each section. NO, DO and RO were measured at the anterior, posterior, medial and lateral regions (1 mm 2 each) of the section of each bone. These data were compared between species, sexes or kinds of bones using Student's t-test. RESULTS Morphometrical observations in cross sections:The values obtained in cross sections of the mid-shaft of each Recently, a number of skeletal remains of animals including those belonging to the canid and mustelid species were excavated from archaeological sites in Kyushu [13]. Only a few complete skeletons were found, however, and most discoveries were bone fragments. In such cases, it is difficult to identify species with bones similar in size. This is particularly true for bones of the limbs of raccoon dogs and badgers. Because the mid-shaft is less characteristic in form as compared with the proximal and distal extremities of the limb bones, macroscopic identification of raccoon dogs and badgers is extremely difficult.A large number of histometrical studies were made on the bones of human [2,3,6,17,18], which described...

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Estimating the Age at Death in a Group of Historically Unknown Adults

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Current and emerging histomorphometric and imaging techniques for assessingage‐at‐deathand cortical bone quality

Current and emerging histomorphometric and imaging techniques for assessingage‐at‐deathand cortical bone quality

A Histometrical Study on the Long Bones of Raccoon Dogs, Nyctereutes procyonoides and Badgers, Meles meles.

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