Estimating the acrylamide exposure of adult individuals from coffee: Turkey

Traditional food processing and Acrylamide formation: A review

“…Due to its widespread cultural acceptance and growing economic interest, coffee consumption is now an essential component of social life in many parts of the world. Coffee and coffee-related drinks are consumed widely by a large number of people and have become an essential element of everyone's daily diet [ 18 ]. However, the right time and temperature combination during this traditional roasting of coffee is not well known.…”

“…In Ethiopia, female consumes more coffee than male. According to Basaran & Aydin, (2020) [ 18 ], in Turkey males have higher acrylamide exposure than females, with males at 0.49 μg/kg bw per day, and females at 0.46 μg/kg bw per day. On the other hand, the previous author found higher acrylamide exposure in females than in males, male: 0.41 μg/kg bw per day, female: 0.44 μg/kg bw per day; male: 0.15 μg/kg bw per day, female: 0.19 μg/kg bw per day).…”

“…The amount of acrylamide in a food depends on the composition of the raw materials, the cooking method, the temperature, and the length of time that the food is cooked [ 16 , 17 ]. The levels of acrylamide can vary from μg/kg (ppb) to mg/kg (ppm) [ 18 ]. European Food Safety Association's (EFSA 2015) risk assessment revealed that fried potato products, coffee, crackers, soft bread, biscuits, and coffee are the most common sources of dietary acrylamide exposure [ 19 ].…”

Contaminant acrylamide in food: toxicity, detection methods, mitigation measures and risk assessment for humans

“…In the 2002 Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) report, the general population's daily dietary exposure to AA was established to be 0.3-0.8 µg/kg (Andačić et al, 2020). Basaran and Aydin (2020) found that among 263 Turkish people, the average daily AA exposure was 0.11 ± 0.084 µg/kg for coffee drinking consumers and 0.057 ± 0.037 µg/kg for non-coffee drinking consumers, with an average daily exposure of 0.10 ± 0.065 µg/kg for men and 0.12 ± 0.097 µg/kg for women. The study analyzed the possibility that the characteristic consumption of Turkish coffee (small size due to cup size) would limit individual exposure to AA.…”

“…The study analyzed the possibility that the characteristic consumption of Turkish coffee (small size due to cup size) would limit individual exposure to AA. Another explanation is that factors such as type of coffee, processing, and terroir lead to a lower intake of AA, which is a good aspect (Basaran & Aydin, 2020). Based on data from 2011-2015, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) estimated daily dietary exposures of the U.S. population to AA in food for those >2 years old and for those <2 years old.…”