Estimating survival for renal cell carcinoma patients with brain metastases: an update of the Renal Graded Prognostic Assessment tool

High neutrophil, low lymphocyte and hemoglobin unfavorably impact survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases

“…In addition to in ammatory cells, hemoglobin is regarded as a both nutritional and in ammation-related indicator, which has a signi cant prognostic relevance of BM and NSCLC (27,28). Our results are consistent with the prognostic effect of hemoglobin for survival in NSCLC BM.…”

LabBM Score and Extracranial Score As New Tools for Predicting Survival in Patients with Brain Metastases Treated with Focal Radiotherapy

“…In general, predictive models have evolved in recent years. For example, Sperduto et al have published improved versions of their original diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA) [18][19][20]. Berghoff et al used previously underappreciated, inexpensive standard test results to create the now validated LabBM score [22].…”

“…Initially, they were heavily based on performance status and extracranial disease extent or control, and not stratified by primary cancer type. More recently, specific tumor characteristics have been integrated, e.g., in the molecular lung cancer score, renal cell cancer score, and melanoma score [18][19][20]. In parallel, it has also been realized that blood biomarkers such as serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and albumin, as well as hemoglobin and C-reactive protein (CRP), may contribute to improved survival prediction models [21].…”

Cabozantinib in Renal Cell Carcinoma With Brain Metastases: Safety and Efficacy in a Real-World Population

“…Number, dimension, and localization of BM are recognized prognostic factors as well as neurological symptoms, patients' age, comorbidities, and PS. [15][16][17] These features along with tumor aggressiveness, extracranial extension, and previous treatments, drive management of brain localizations. 41 Moreover, treatment integration is crucial to achieve disease control.…”

“…15,16 Sperduto et al recently updated a tool on the basis of the most significant prognostic factors identified for patients with BM from RCC (poor KPS, multiple BM, presence of extracranial disease, low baseline hemoglobin levels), which could help clinicians to individualize the treatment decision-making. 17 The OS of mRCC patients with BM increased from 3 to 7 months in the cytokine era 18 to 9.2 to 12.2 months with TKIs. 19,20 TKIs are small drugs able to cross the blood-brain barrier but their therapeutic activity on BM is limited by the presence of drug efflux transporters.…”