Estimating soil potassium availability for processing tomato production

Hartz, T.K.; Giannini, C.; Miller, Robert O.; Miyao, E.M.

doi:10.1081/css-120004288

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…As much as 80% of applied K can be fixed and become temporarily unavailable to plants (Cassman et al 1990;Hartz et al 2002). Nonexchangeable K becomes only slowly plant available.…”

Section: Soil K Pools and Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil testing for P and K has value in nutrient management for annual crops

Geisseler¹,

Miyao²

2016

Calif Agr

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Adequate nutrients in forms available to plant roots are essential for sustainable crop production. Soil testing for phosphorus and potassium availability allows growers and crop advisers to determine whether a soil is likely to respond to fertilization. As yields have risen with improved management and production systems, crop nutrient demand and the removal of nutrients with harvested crops have increased. An indepth discussion of soil tests for phosphorus and potassium and their use in California cropping systems is clearly needed. We review how these nutrients become available to plant roots, how samples are taken and test results interpreted, complementary ways to assess the adequacy of supplies and what research is needed to improve soil testing for phosphorus and potassium. P hosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are essential nutrients required in rather large amounts by crops. The application of fertilizers is often required to meet the crops' demand, with the application rate depending on the availability of nutrients in the soil. Insufficient application rates result in lower yields and may reduce soil fertility over time as the availability of nutrients decreases. In contrast, the application of excess nutrients increases production costs and may cause environmental problems.Soil testing is one of the most costeffective nutrient management tools available to growers and crop advisers. It can guide fertilization decisions for individual fields, and it can assess whether a soil is likely to respond to fertilization (Cox 1994). Soils differ in their capacity to supply nutrients to crops.Early research has shown that many soils in California do not supply sufficient P to annual crops, and P fertilization has often been found to be highly beneficial (Jenny et al. 1946). Tree crops, in contrast, are less likely to have a yield response to P fertilizer. Few cases of K deficiency were reported in the first half of the 20th century (Jenny et al. 1946). With a few exceptions, K has not received much attention since then. We focus on P and K here, but our discussion applies to other nutrients, such as calcium or magnesium, as well. One exception is soil sampling for residual soil nitrate-N. Nitrate is directly plant available, but much more mobile in the soil than P and K and thus easily lost.An in-depth discussion of soil tests and their use with a focus on California cropping systems is currently missing, but clearly needed. Improved management and varieties have increased productivity considerably in California. Most recently, the shift to semipermanent drip irrigation systems has further increased crop yield. As a result, nutrient removal is higher and soil nutrient depletion faster because of the more confined root zone. A positive response to P and K fertilization is now much more likely even on soils that have long been considered sufficiently fertile. For these reasons, and because environmental concerns with overfertilization are being raised more Online: http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.2016a0007Jack Kelly Clar...

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“…As much as 80% of applied K can be fixed and become temporarily unavailable to plants (Cassman et al 1990;Hartz et al 2002). Nonexchangeable K becomes only slowly plant available.…”

Section: Soil K Pools and Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil testing for P and K has value in nutrient management for annual crops

Geisseler¹,

Miyao²

2016

Calif Agr

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“…[1,14,15] Preharvest calcium sprays have successfully controlled rain-induced cracking of sweet cherries, [16] although they did not improve blueberry fruit quality. [1,14,15] Preharvest calcium sprays have successfully controlled rain-induced cracking of sweet cherries, [16] although they did not improve blueberry fruit quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bioassay Investigation of Calcium Nutrition and Tomato Shoulder Check Cracking Defect

Huang

Snapp

2004

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Fruit physiological disorders such as shoulder check crack defects in tomato fruits are frequently inconsistent in appearance. This poses a challenge to researchers and growers. The severity and incidence of crack defects depends largely on weather conditions and may vary from almost nondetectable to causing severe yields losses. A bioassay was developed to consistently induce fruit cracking and to evaluate the effect of calcium (Ca) treatments. Detached vine ripe and mature green fruits were either waxed or not waxed with paraffin on the stem end (calyx scar) and immersed into water and 90 mM CaCl 2 solutions for 4-l6 days at 25 C incubation conditions. Mature green fruit was a more sensitive indicator than red ripe fruit, showing rapid water uptake within 2 h of treatment and having a consistent cracking

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“…Fertilization rates in excess of 500 kg·ha -1 proved insuffi cient to reduce YS incidence to acceptable levels in some problem fi elds. One reason for such disappointing results was that many California soils have high K fi xation characteristics; Hartz et al (2002) and cm) was determined by ammonium acetate extraction and analysis by atomic emission spectrometry (Thomas, 1982). All fi elds had a history of YS incidence, despite moderate to high exchangeable soil K (0.48 to 0.85 cmol·kg -1 , Table 1), presumably related to the high levels of exchangeable Mg (Hartz et al, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Tomato Yield and Fruit Quality Improved with Potassium Fertigation

Hartz¹,

Johnstone²,

Francis³

et al. 2005

HortSci

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The effect of K fertigation through subsurface irrigation lines on processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit yield and quality was evaluated in four field trials in California from 2002–04. Fields had exchangeable soil K between 0.48 to 0.85 cmol·kg–1, with high exchangeable Mg (10.6 to 13.7 cmol·kg–1) and a history of yellow shoulder (YS, a fruit color disorder) occurrence. K treatments evaluated included seasonal amount applied (0 to 800 kg·ha–1), fertigation method (continuous versus weekly), and timing (early, mid or late season); foliar K treatments were also included in the 2002 trial. In two fields total and marketable fruit yield were significantly increased by K fertigation, and fruit color improvements were observed in all trials. Among color parameters improved by K fertigation were YS incidence, blended color, and L*, chroma, and hue of the shoulder region of fruit. K fertigation did not affect fruit soluble solids concentration. Yield increased only with fertigation treatments initiated during early fruit set. The effects of fertigation method and rate were inconsistent. Foliar K application was ineffective in increasing either fruit yield or quality.

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Estimating soil potassium availability for processing tomato production

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Soil testing for P and K has value in nutrient management for annual crops

Soil testing for P and K has value in nutrient management for annual crops

A Bioassay Investigation of Calcium Nutrition and Tomato Shoulder Check Cracking Defect

Processing Tomato Yield and Fruit Quality Improved with Potassium Fertigation

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