Estimating shaking-induced casualties and building damage for global earthquake events: a proposed modelling approach

So, Emily; Spence, Robin

doi:10.1007/s10518-012-9373-8

Cited by 78 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The vulnerability module evaluates the probability of building collapse for a given seismic intensity. The assessment is based on a set of applicable vulnerability models for global building typologies [e.g., Jaiswal et al (2011), So and Spence (2013), and Spence and Foulser-Piggott (2013)]. The seismic vulnerability classes of Malawian buildings are assigned based on the PAGER building typologies (Jaiswal and Wald, 2008) and EMS-98 (Grünthal, 1998).…”

Section: Methodology Analytical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vulnerability module is based on empirical prediction models of building collapse that are applicable to global building stock. Specifically, collapse prediction models by Jaiswal et al (2011), So and Spence (2013), and Spence and Foulser-Piggott (2013) are adopted. Details of the models differ, particularly in definitions of vulnerability classes for building typologies and methods for the model development.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Seismic Risk Assessment of Urban and Rural Settlements around Lake Malawi

Goda

Gibson

Smith

et al. 2016

Front. Built Environ.

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The seismic risk potential for Malawi is high because traditional adobe and earthen structures are seismically vulnerable and large earthquakes of Mw7.0 or greater may occur in the Malawi Rift. To assess seismic risk of the Malawian communities quantitatively, data and models for exposure, hazard, and vulnerability modules that are suitable for Malawi are integrated. The developed risk model is applied to a retrospective appraisal of the past damaging 2009 Karonga earthquake sequence and to the future earthquake scenarios for long-term risk management purposes. The earthquake impact assessment results highlight that the collapse risk predictions of the Malawian settlements are particularly dependent on the inclusion of large-magnitude earthquakes from the active faults around Lake Malawi and the selection and combination of seismic vulnerability models.

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Section: Methodology Analytical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Risk Assessment of Urban and Rural Settlements around Lake Malawi

Goda

Gibson

Smith

et al. 2016

Front. Built Environ.

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“…Extensive studies have been carried out using building damage as a predictor variable for loss assessment (D'Ayala et al 1997;Bommer et al 2002;Goretti and Di Kappos et al 2006;So and Spence 2013;FEMA 2016), on the premise that damage to structures produces direct and indirect economic losses and fatalities. Damage can indeed be considered as a proxy of intensity, as macroseismic surveys completed after earthquakes are mainly derived from the observed damage for the strongest shaking ([ VII).…”

Section: Human Losses Considering Building Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the observation that economic and social losses are generally related to physical damage caused to buildings (D'Ayala et al 1997;Bommer et al 2002;Coburn and Spence 2002;So and Spence 2013), models require a detailed inventory of buildings. Several such models have been developed to forecast socioeconomic losses; for example, the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) methodology (HAZUS) for the estimation of potential losses from disasters (FEMA 2016), and the Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR) methodology of seismic loss estimation (SELENA) that uses a logic tree approach (Molina et al 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and Human Loss Empirical Models for Earthquakes in the Mediterranean Region, with Particular Focus on Algeria

Guettiche

Guéguen

Mimoune

2017

Int J Disaster Risk Sci

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In this study, loss estimation models were developed for reasonably accurate assessment of economic and human losses from seismic events in the Mediterranean region, based on damage assessment at an urban scale. Data were compiled from existing worldwide databases, and completed with earthquake information from regional studies. Economic data were converted to a single common currency unit (2015 USD value) and the wealth of the areas affected by 65 earthquakes of the region from 1900 to 2015 was assessed. Reduced-form models were used to determine economic and human losses, with earthquake magnitude and intensity as hazard-related variables, and gross domestic product of the affected area and the affected population as exposure-related variables. Damage to buildings was also used as a hazard-related variable to predict economic and human losses. Finally, site-specific regression models were proposed for economic and human losses due to earthquakes in the Mediterranean region, and more specifically, in Algeria. We show that by introducing the damage variable into the models, prediction error can be reduced, and that accuracy of loss model estimation is site dependent and requires regional data on earthquake losses to improve. A case study for Constantine, Algeria shows the improvements needed for increased accuracy.

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“…In addition, updated casualty and injury ratios were produced based on a greater set of earthquakes. So and Spence (2009) explored further the relationship of building.…”

Section: Casualties As Direct Social Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Earthquake Loss Assessment After Damaging Earthquakes

Erdik

Şeşetyan

Demircioğlu

et al. 2014

Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering

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This article summarizes the work done over last decades regarding the development of new approaches and setting up of new applications for earthquake rapid response systems that function to estimate earthquake losses in quasi real time after an earthquake. After a critical discussion of relevant earthquake loss estimation methodologies, the essential features and the characteristics of the available loss estimation software are summarized. Currently operating near real time loss estimation tools can be classified under two main categories depending on the size of area they cover: Global and Local Systems. For the global or regional near real time loss estimation systems: GDACS, WAPMERR, PAGER, ELER and SELENA methodologies are. Examples are provided for the local rapid earthquake loss estimation systems including: Taiwan Earthquake Rapid Reporting System, Realtime Earthquake Assessment Disaster System in Yokohama, Real Time Earthquake Disaster Mitigation System of the Tokyo Gas Co., IGDAS Earthquake Protection System and Istanbul Earthquake Rapid Response System. IntroductionAs illustrated in Fig. 2.1 (after Böse 2006), management of earthquake risks is a process that involves pre-, co-and post-seismic phases. Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) systems are involved in the co-seismic phase. These involve the generation of real time ground motion estimation maps as products of real-time seismology

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Estimating shaking-induced casualties and building damage for global earthquake events: a proposed modelling approach

Cited by 78 publications

References 10 publications

Seismic Risk Assessment of Urban and Rural Settlements around Lake Malawi

Seismic Risk Assessment of Urban and Rural Settlements around Lake Malawi

Economic and Human Loss Empirical Models for Earthquakes in the Mediterranean Region, with Particular Focus on Algeria

Rapid Earthquake Loss Assessment After Damaging Earthquakes

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