Estimating Recent Carbon Monoxide Exposures

Epidemiological Bases for Possible Air Quality Criteria for Carbon Monoxide

“…The results confirmed that COHb levels are higher in cigarette smokers than in nonsmokers and are increased in heavy cigarette smokers. These data resemble comparable results by Ringold, et al 6 (Figure 4). They are consistent with comparative data on smoking and occupation in the previous section.…”

“…6 Several occupational studies have measured COHb levels in individuals exposed to high concentrations of CO and attempted to relate this to health effects. These will be discussed in the following sections.…”

The measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide is influenced by airflow obstruction

“…There is a direct relationship between the smoking status of a given individual and the concentration of carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) in their blood [1,2]. In practice, the latter is often assessed by measuring the concentration of carbon monoxide in the exhaled air (COexh), which is noninvasive, cheap, quick, portable, and does not require special technical background [3±8].…”

Health hazard evaluation determination report no. HHE-75-195-396, United Airlines Maintenance Base, San Francisco International Airport, Burlingame, California.

“…Study Design The factors considered for the selection of the final study design were the substances being used, the workers' potential exposures to these substances. the durations of exposure, data from previous CAL/OSHA industrial hygiene surveys, and the existing control measures required 6 by the company during contact with these chemicals. Based upon the gathered data and the staff available, it was decided that the final environmental study wou ld be an attempt to evaluate employee exposure to the following chemicals during paint stri pping and paint spraying operations: Environmental samples for some operations were not obtained during NIOSH's investigation.…”

“…Copies of this report have been sent to: (6), authorizes the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, follow'ng a written request by an employer or authorized rep resentative of employees, to determine whether any substance nonmally found in the place of employment has potentially toxic effects in such concentrations as used or found.…”