Estimating PM10 air concentrations from dust storms in Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia

Draxler, Roland R.; Gillette, Dale A.; Kirkpatrick, Jeffrey S.; Heller, Jack M.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00159-5

Cited by 201 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This study used actual cases of morbidity and mortality and concluded that dust particulates were strongly correlated with acute lower/upper respiratory disorders and asthma. This study also revealed that dust storms, suspended dust, rising dust and PM 10 followed a similar pattern throughout the studied period with high peaks during summer months, specifically in June, and lower during winter months; this finding confirms the robust link between dust storm events and ambient air PM 10 levels and is in agreement with other studies in similar arid conditions [6,29,43,44]. Increased PM 10 concentrations during the summer can be associated with the Middle Eastern dust storms from the arid lands of Iraq, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia which are the particular sources of dust events coming to Kuwait from the Northwest [2,29,45].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Atmospheric concentrations in individual dust events have recorded PM 10 levels of 1000 µg/m 3 , with extreme values exceeding 10,000 µg/m 3 during the notorious Red Dawn event in Australia in September 2009 [1]. Daily PM 10 levels over 200 µg/m 3 were suggested for small to medium scale dust events, while a higher cut-off point of 400 µg/m 3 was used to define severe dust events [5,6]. Other studies have used much lower PM 10 levels to identify dust storm days [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Impact Assessment Associated with Exposure to PM10 and Dust Storms in Kuwait

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Little information is available on the assessment of health impact concerning the Middle Eastern dust storms and PM 10 concentration levels despite the aridity of the region and frequent dust storms occurring in this part of the world. A prospective study was conducted to determine the association between dust particles and morbidity and mortality rates for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Kuwait. Spearman and Pearson's correlations were used to identify such associations. Results revealed a significant correlation between dust storms, suspended dust and rising dust (p < 0.01). Correlation between the occurrence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and dust storms showed that PM 10 concentrations were significantly correlated with bronchial asthma at the 0.05 level (Pearson r = 0.292). Significant correlations at the 0.01 level were shown between bronchial asthma and both acute lower respiratory tract infection (r = 0.737) and acute upper respiratory tract infection (r = 0.839). Respiratory and cardiovascular mortality rates were both equal to 0.62 per 10,000 persons, each corresponding to 8.7% proportionate mortality rate. This study provides a good evidence of the consistent relationship between dust storm events, PM 10 concentration levels, and respiratory diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Impact Assessment Associated with Exposure to PM10 and Dust Storms in Kuwait

et al. 2018

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“…Similarly high monthly PM 10 concentrations (100 to 200 μg m −3 ) were measured in Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia during the dust season (Draxler et al, 2001). On the Aral Sea shore, monthly PM 10 concentrations up to 400 μg m −3 were reported in August, the most intense sand storm period (Wiggs et al, 2003).…”

Section: Daily Particulate Matter Concentrations Due To Saharan Dustmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Meanwhile, in Beijing, PM 10 concentrations above 1000 μg m −3 were reported during dust storms (Fang et al, 2003). Finally, PM 10 air concentrations exceeding 1800 μg m −3 was measured in Kuwait during severe dust storms (Draxler et al, 2001).…”

Section: Air Quality Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Estimation of air quality degradation due to Saharan dust at Nouakchott, Mauritania, from horizontal visibility data

Ozer

Laghdaf²,

Lemine³

et al. 2006

Water Air Soil Pollut

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It is now irrefutable that air pollution caused by large amounts of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) and respiratory particulates or Particulate Matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 10 ) has numerous undesired consequences on human health. Air quality degradation far from the African continent, in the US and in Europe, caused by high concentrations of African dust, is seen as a major threat even though most of these countries are very distant from the Sahara. Surprisingly, no estimates of TSP or PM 10 levels near the Saharan dust source are available. Based on horizontal visibility observations which are reduced by the presence of dust in the atmosphere, TSP and PM 10 levels are estimated throughout the year 2000 at NouakchottAirport, Mauritania, using relations found in the literature. It appears that concentrations of particles are 10 . These very high particulate levels are likely to represent an important public health hazard and should be considered as a major environmental risk.

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“…This parameterization has been used, among others, by Draxler et al (2001) to simulate PM 10 concentrations from dust storms using the HYSPLIT model. Finally, more sophisticated emission schemes consider particle-particle interaction by saltation bombardment and, in some cases, by aggregate disintegration (e.g., Shao, 2001).…”

Section: Vertical Flux (Emission Rate)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling volcanic ash resuspension – application to the 14–18 October 2011 outbreak episode in central Patagonia, Argentina

Folch

Mingari

Osores

et al. 2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Volcanic fallout deposits from the June 2011Cordón Caulle eruption on central Patagonia were remobilized in several occasions months after their emplacement. In particular, during 14-18 October 2011, an intense outbreak episode generated widespread volcanic clouds that were dispersed across Argentina, causing multiple impacts in the environment, affecting the air quality and disrupting airports. Fine ash particles in volcanic fallout deposits can be resuspended under favorable meteorological conditions, particularly during strong wind episodes in arid environments with low soil moisture and poor vegetation coverage. As opposed to eruption-formed ash clouds, modeling of resuspensionformed ash clouds has received little attention. In consequence, there are no emission schemes specially developed and calibrated for resuspended volcanic ash, and few operational products exists to model and forecast the formation and dispersal of resuspension ash clouds. Here we implement three dust emission schemes of increasing complexity in the FALL3D tephra dispersal model and use the 14-18 October 2011 outbreak episode as a model test case. We calibrate the emission schemes and validate the results of the coupled WRF-ARW (Weather Research and ForecastingAdvanced Research WRF)/FALL3D modeling system using satellite imagery and measurements of visibility (a quantity related to total suspended particle concentration at the surface) and particulate matter (PM 10 ) concentration at several meteorological and air quality stations located at Argentina and Uruguay. Our final goal is to test the capability of the modeling system to become, in the near future, an operational forecast product for volcanic ash resuspension events.

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Estimating PM10 air concentrations from dust storms in Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia

Cited by 201 publications

References 18 publications

Health Impact Assessment Associated with Exposure to PM10 and Dust Storms in Kuwait

Health Impact Assessment Associated with Exposure to PM10 and Dust Storms in Kuwait

Estimation of air quality degradation due to Saharan dust at Nouakchott, Mauritania, from horizontal visibility data

Modeling volcanic ash resuspension – application to the 14–18 October 2011 outbreak episode in central Patagonia, Argentina

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