Estimating NH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions from agricultural fertilizer application in China using the bi-directional CMAQ model coupled to an agro-ecosystem model

Fu, Xiao; Wang, Yafei; Ran, Limei; Pleim, Jonathan; Cooter, Ellen J.; Bash, Jesse O.; Benson, Verel W.; Hao, Jiming

doi:10.5194/acp-15-6637-2015

Cited by 77 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Thus, nitrogen fertilizer types can have significant impacts on NH 3 volatilization processes. Our study treated N fertilizer as a total input for NH 3 volatilization regardless of the fraction of NH 4 + and did not distinguish N fertilizer type (Bash et al, 2013;Fu et al, 2015). Our study treated N fertilizer as a total input for NH 3 volatilization regardless of the fraction of NH 4 + and did not distinguish N fertilizer type (Bash et al, 2013;Fu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Uncertainties and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Previous studies emphasized that NH 3 volatilization from N fertilizer application depends strongly on localized environmental factors; however, this impact has not been investigated at the global and regional scale, and on crop-specific emissions globally (Fu et al, 2015;Huang et al, 2012;Zhang, Luan, Chen, & Shao, 2011). Agricultural systems are complex due to the combination of human management and climate effects.…”

Section: Tier 1 Guideline Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global ammonia emissions from synthetic nitrogen fertilizer applications in agricultural systems: Empirical and process‐based estimates and uncertainty

Tian

Pan

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

173

116

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Excessive ammonia (NH3) emitted from nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in global croplands plays an important role in atmospheric aerosol production, resulting in visibility reduction and regional haze. However, large uncertainty exists in the estimates of NH3 emissions from global and regional croplands, which utilize different data and methods. In this study, we have coupled a process‐based Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM) with the bidirectional NH3 exchange module in the Community Multiscale Air‐Quality (CMAQ) model (DLEM‐Bi‐NH3) to quantify NH3 emissions at the global and regional scale, and crop‐specific NH3 emissions globally at a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° during 1961–2010. Results indicate that global NH3 emissions from N fertilizer use have increased from 1.9 ± 0.03 to 16.7 ± 0.5 Tg N/year between 1961 and 2010. The annual increase of NH3 emissions shows large spatial variations across the global land surface. Southern Asia, including China and India, has accounted for more than 50% of total global NH3 emissions since the 1980s, followed by North America and Europe. Rice cultivation has been the largest contributor to total global NH3 emissions since the 1990s, followed by corn and wheat. In addition, results show that empirical methods without considering environmental factors (constant emission factor in the IPCC Tier 1 guideline) could underestimate NH3 emissions in context of climate change, with the highest difference (i.e., 6.9 Tg N/year) occurring in 2010. This study provides a robust estimate on global and regional NH3 emissions over the past 50 years, which offers a reference for assessing air quality consequences of future nitrogen enrichment as well as nitrogen use efficiency improvement.

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Section: Uncertainties and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Tier 1 Guideline Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Global ammonia emissions from synthetic nitrogen fertilizer applications in agricultural systems: Empirical and process‐based estimates and uncertainty

Tian

Pan

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

173

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The activity data, and technology distribution for each sector were updated. The emissions of NH 3 from the fertilizer application were calculated online using the bi-directional CMAQ model31. Compared with previous studies, this method considered more influencing factors, such as meteorological fields, soil and fertilizer application, and provided improved spatial and temporal resolution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling analysis of secondary inorganic aerosols over China: pollution characteristics, and meteorological and dust impacts

Chang

Cai

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) are the predominant components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and have significant impacts on air quality, human health, and climate change. In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ) was modified to incorporate SO2 heterogeneous reactions on the surface of dust particles. The revised model was then used to simulate the spatiotemporal characteristics of SIA over China and analyze the impacts of meteorological factors and dust on SIA formation. Including the effects of dust improved model performance for the simulation of SIA concentrations, particularly for sulfate. The simulated annual SIA concentration in China was approximately 10.1 μg/m3 on domain average, with strong seasonal variation: highest in winter and lowest in summer. High SIA concentrations were concentrated in developed regions with high precursor emissions, such as the North China Plain, Yangtze River Delta, Sichuan Basin, and Pearl River Delta. Strong correlations between meteorological factors and SIA pollution levels suggested that heterogeneous reactions under high humidity played an important role on SIA formation, particularly during severe haze pollution periods. Acting as surfaces for heterogeneous reactions, dust particles significantly affected sulfate formation, suggesting the importance of reducing dust emissions for controlling SIA and PM2.5 pollution.

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“…Estimates of NH 3 emissions from fertilizer application in China range from 1.82 Tg a −1 in 2004 2013). All these emission estimates are calculated by multiplying fertilizer use amounts with corresponding volatilization rates (emission factors), except for Fu et al (2015) that considered bi-directional NH 3 fluxes over an agricultural model. Large differences are mainly due to uncertainties in NH 3 emission factors that are highly sensitive to fertilizer types, local soil, and meteorological properties (Bouwman et al, 2002;Søgaard et al, 2002).…”

Section: Previous Bottom-up Estimates Of Chinese Nh 3 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural ammonia emissions in China: reconciling bottom-up and top-down estimates

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Current estimates of agricultural ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions in China differ by more than a factor of 2, hindering our understanding of their environmental consequences. Here we apply both bottom-up statistical and top-down inversion methods to quantify NH 3 emissions from agriculture in China for the year 2008. We first assimilate satellite observations of NH 3 column concentration from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) using the GEOS-Chem adjoint model to optimize Chinese anthropogenic NH 3 emissions at the 1/2 • × 2/3 • horizontal resolution for MarchOctober 2008. Optimized emissions show a strong summer peak, with emissions about 50 % higher in summer than spring and fall, which is underestimated in current bottom-up NH 3 emission estimates. To reconcile the latter with the topdown results, we revisit the processes of agricultural NH 3 emissions and develop an improved bottom-up inventory of Chinese NH 3 emissions from fertilizer application and livestock waste at the 1/2 • × 2/3 • resolution. Our bottom-up emission inventory includes more detailed information on crop-specific fertilizer application practices and better accounts for meteorological modulation of NH 3 emission factors in China. We find that annual anthropogenic NH 3 emissions are 11.7 Tg for 2008, with 5.05 Tg from fertilizer application and 5.31 Tg from livestock waste. The two sources together account for 88 % of total anthropogenic NH 3 emissions in China. Our bottom-up emission estimates also show a distinct seasonality peaking in summer, consistent with topdown results from the satellite-based inversion. Further evaluations using surface network measurements show that the model driven by our bottom-up emissions reproduces the observed spatial and seasonal variations of NH 3 gas concentrations and ammonium (NH + 4 ) wet deposition fluxes over China well, providing additional credibility to the improvements we have made to our agricultural NH 3 emission inventory.

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Estimating NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from agricultural fertilizer application in China using the bi-directional CMAQ model coupled to an agro-ecosystem model

Cited by 77 publications

References 43 publications

Global ammonia emissions from synthetic nitrogen fertilizer applications in agricultural systems: Empirical and process‐based estimates and uncertainty

Global ammonia emissions from synthetic nitrogen fertilizer applications in agricultural systems: Empirical and process‐based estimates and uncertainty

Modeling analysis of secondary inorganic aerosols over China: pollution characteristics, and meteorological and dust impacts

Agricultural ammonia emissions in China: reconciling bottom-up and top-down estimates

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