“…For instance, survey data on the fertility of males is generally considered to be less reliable, as males are prone to underreport their number of children (e.g., Rendall et al 1999, Vere 2008. However, in recent years, several studies assessing male fertility based on birth register data have been published (Jalovaara et al 2018, Bagavos and Tragaki 2017, Dudel and Klüsener 2016, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2015, Nordfalk et al 2015, Nisén et al 2014, Carmichael 2013, Lappegård et al 2011, Zhang 2011) that focused on single countries or on comparisons of countries. The comparative studies were, however, often limited to a cross-sectional perspective.…”