Estimating male and female height inequality

Blum, Matthias

doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2013.03.002

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is evident that coefficient of variation (CV) is a widely used and robust index for measuring inequality [28] as it does not increase with average height like standard deviation (SD). Figures 5 and 6 show that CVs of rural subjects are higher than that of urban subjects in most age groups except 17–18 years old boys and 15–18 years old girls where rural CVs are similar to urban CVs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T-test was used to analyze the differences in heights between urban and rural, eastern and western regions and Shanghai and Guizhou by the SPSS (PASW Statistics 18, SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL). To compare height equalities within urban and rural areas, coefficient of variation(CV) of height was computed in each sex-age group with the equation [28]: CV = (σ/μ)*100(σ and μ mean standard deviation and mean stature respectively).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Height inequalities and their change trends in China during 1985–2010: results from 6 cross-sectional surveys on children and adolescents aged 7–18 years

Lei

2017

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundGreat health inequalities have been reported in China over the past few years. Height has been used as an important parameter of health and it may also be distributed unequally in different regions. By studying height data of Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years, we analyze height inequalities and their change trends during 1985–2010.MethodsOn the base of data from 6 successive cross-sectional surveys of the Chinese National Survey on Student’s Constitution and Health(CNSSCH) conducted in 1985,1991,1995,2000,2005 and 2010, we calculated difference of height for children and adolescents aged 7–18 years in different regions. Coefficients of Variation (CVs) of height were computed in urban and rural areas during 1985–2010.ResultsGreat height difference existed between urban and rural, eastern and western, Shanghai and Guizhou children and adolescents aged 7–18 years. The urban-rural difference averagely decreased from 4.24 cm to 2.85 cm for boys and 3.72 cm to 1.31 cm for girls since 1985. Urban-rural difference tend to be more obvious in the poorer provinces, which has short mean statures. From 1985 to 2010, height difference became larger in eastern-western and Shanghai-Guizhou which represented the comparison between the richest and poorest regions. We also found there was a larger height inequality in rural areas compared with that in urban areas, and difference in rural subjects increased greater than their urban peers in eastern-western and Shanghai-Guizhou.ConclusionsThere were obvious height inequalities in China and the urban-rural difference narrowed, while increasing differences happened between regions with different socioeconomic levels especially in their rural residents. More attention should be paid to these differences and policies and strategies should be developed to reduce inequalities in height.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4402-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Height inequalities and their change trends in China during 1985–2010: results from 6 cross-sectional surveys on children and adolescents aged 7–18 years

Lei

2017

BMC Public Health

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“…They also found that women were taller than men in those societies, that the women's contribution to food production was greater than that of the men resulting in improvement of females' nutritional status in these societies. Other factors which have been reported to influence the M/F height ratio in preindustrial societies are probably the male and female division in agricultural tasks (30). The women in these societies usually were engaged in cattle farming and garden work, thereby increasing their "advantage of proximity" to milk and vegetables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other factors which have been reported to influence the M/F height ratio in preindustrial societies are probably the male and female division in agricultural tasks ( 30 ). The women in these societies usually were engaged in cattle farming and garden work, thereby increasing their “advantage of proximity” to milk and vegetables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Dimorphism of Size Ontogeny and Life History

German

Hochberg

2020

Front. Pediatr.

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Background: Ecological and physiological factors and social and economic constraints affect sex-specific body size. Here, we used the male/female (M/F) height ratio as an indicator of the combined effect of genetic and sex characteristics. We hypothesized that (1) sexual dimorphism in body size will be established during infancy and adolescence when growth velocity is maximal, (2) living standards and health are important factors which can affect sexual dimorphism in body size, (3) variations in sexual dimorphism in body size are due to the differential response of boys and girls to environmental cues, and (4) sexual dimorphism in body size will be more pronounced in those populations whose average height and weight are the greatest. Methods: To study the ontogeny of sexual dimorphism from birth until the age of 18 years, we used the 2000 CDC growth data. Data on height by country, life expectancy, and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita based on purchasing power parity were extracted from the national accounts data of NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, the World Bank, Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Program, and the US Census Bureau. Results: We found that sexual dimorphism in body size starts at age 1 month, peaks at age 3 months, and diminishes by age 24 months. During childhood, there is no sexual difference in body size, and it is gradually established when the boys enter puberty. The M/F height ratio correlates positively with the average male and female height and weight by country. Conclusion: Sexual dimorphism in body size occurs when (a) the growth velocity is maximal during infancy and adolescence, (b) living standards are high, and health correlate positively with male/female height ratio. Anthropological studies and our results emphasize mostly the female resiliency hypothesis: shorter male heights in times of environmental stress lead to smaller sexual dimorphism in body size.

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“…For example, Baten (2000) documented a range of 3.63-3.83 for Bavarian conscripts born during 1815-1965 and Ayuda and Puche-Gil (2014), a range of 3.62-3.84 for Valencian male birth cohorts between 1880-1960. In addition, Blum (2014) reported that the SD of the CV for 124 populations was only 0.38. Table 1 shows the SD and CV statistics of the data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Height inequality and socioeconomic implications in Korea: analysis of individuals born between 1890 and 1919

Choi

2019

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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This study examined height inequality as an indicator of income inequality during the colonial period (1910–1945) in Korea. Data were taken from a sample of 1796 male prisoners from a wide range of geographical locations and with varied socioeconomic backgrounds. Height inequality was measured using the coefficient of variation of height (CV) for each birth decade. The results indicated that height inequality, as measured by the CV, increased slightly from 3.32 to 3.35 for the birth decades 1890–99 and 1900–09, then jumped to 3.50 for the birth decade 1910–19. Considering the Kuznets curve, the presented results have socioeconomic implications for Japan’s impact in Korea, at least during the early colonial period.

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Estimating male and female height inequality

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Height inequalities and their change trends in China during 1985–2010: results from 6 cross-sectional surveys on children and adolescents aged 7–18 years

Height inequalities and their change trends in China during 1985–2010: results from 6 cross-sectional surveys on children and adolescents aged 7–18 years

Sexual Dimorphism of Size Ontogeny and Life History

Height inequality and socioeconomic implications in Korea: analysis of individuals born between 1890 and 1919

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