Estimating length density and quantifying anisotropy in skeletal muscle capillaries

Mathieu, Odile; Cruz‐Orive, Luis M.; Hoppeler, Hans; Weibel, Ewald R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1983.tb04240.x

Cited by 145 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For anisotropic fibre processes, L V can also be defined stereologically, as shown, for example, in Mathieu et al (1983), Mattfeldt & Mall (1984), Cruz-Orive et al (1985), Gokhale (1990) and Kubínová et al (2002). Stoyan (1984Stoyan ( , 1985 has introduced methods for the stereological estimation of second-order characteristics of stationary and isotropic spatial fibre processes.…”

Section: Stereological Estimators For Stationary and Isotr Opic Spatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Second‐order stereology of spatial fibre systems

Krasnoperov¹,

Stoyan

2004

Journal of Microscopy

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SummaryThis paper describes methods for second-order stereology of spatial fibre systems. For stationary and isotropic fibre processes it gives practicable estimators of the K -function and the pair correlation function, which are based on planar sections. The second-order methods are applied in transmission electron microscopy analysis of blood capillaries in the rat thyroid. They lead to the result that the capillaries show an inhibitory pattern of their spatial arrangement, with a hard-core distance of about 2.6 µ m. There is a close relationship to threedimensional size characteristics estimated recently for these elliptical capillaries.

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Section: Stereological Estimators For Stationary and Isotr Opic Spatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Second‐order stereology of spatial fibre systems

Krasnoperov¹,

Stoyan

2004

Journal of Microscopy

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“…Both transverse and longitudinal sections were sliced from muscles and were used to estimate the tortuosity factor, c(K,0), of the capillary network, using the shortcut estimation method of Mathieu et al (Mathieu et al, 1983). The tortuosity factor was determined for all of the 10 muscles sampled (diaphragm, m. masseter, m. triceps, m. erector spinae, m. multifidi lumborum, m. vastus lateralis, m. semitendinosus, m. biceps femoris, m. gastrocnemius and m. coccygeus).…”

Section: Capillary Length and Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

The high aerobic capacity of a small, marsupial rat-kangaroo (Bettongia penicillata) is matched by the mitochondrial and capillary morphology of its skeletal muscles

Webster

Dawson

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Summary We examined the structure-function relationships that underlie the aerobic capacities of marsupial mammals that hop. Marsupials have relatively low basal metabolic rates (BMR) and historically were seen as 'low energy' mammals. However, the red kangaroo, Macropus rufus, (Family Macropodidae) has aerobic capacities equivalent to athletic placentals. It has an extreme aerobic scope (fAS) and its large locomotor muscles feature high mitochondrial and capillary volumes. M. rufus belongs to a modern group of kangaroos and its great fAS is not general for marsupials. However, other hopping marsupials may have elevated aerobic capacities. Bettongia penicillata, a rat-kangaroo (Family Potoroidae), is a small (1 kg) active hopper whose fAS is somewhat elevated. We examined the oxygen delivery system in its muscles to ascertain links with hopping. An elevated fAS of 23 provided a relatively high VO2max in B. penicillata; associated with this is a skeletal muscle mass of 44% of body mass. Ten muscles were sampled to estimate the total mitochondrial and capillary volume of the locomotor muscles. Values in B. penicillata were similar to those in M. rufus and in athletic placentals. This small hopper had high muscle mitochondrial volume densities (7.1-11.9%), and both a large total capillary volume (6 ml kg-1 body mass) and total capillary erythrocyte volume (3.2 ml kg-1). Apparently, a considerable aerobic capacity is required to achieve the benefits of the extended stride in fast hopping. Of note, the ratio of VO2max to total muscle mitochondrial volume in B. penicillata was 4.9 ml O2 min-1 ml-1. Similar values occur in M. rufus and also placental mammals generally, not only athletic species. If such relationships occur in other marsupials, a fundamental structure-function relationship for oxygen delivery to muscles likely originated with or before the earliest mammals.

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“…However, the distribution of microvessels in the skeletal muscles, the myocardium, the meninges, and the periosteum of tubular bones is anisotropic. Specifically, the majority of the capillaries follow the direction of the underlying myofibrous structure in the myocardium (23) and the skeletal muscle (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Intravoxel partially coherent motion technique: Characterization of the anisotropy of skeletal muscle microvasculature

Karampinos

King

Sutton

et al. 2010

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose: To propose a reformulation of the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) technique exploiting the low bvalue diffusion-weighted imaging regime that can characterize microcirculation of tissues perfused with partially coherent blood flow. Materials and Methods:The new methodology, termed intravoxel partially coherent motion (IVPCM) technique, is suitable for probing microcirculation in tissues with ordered microvasculature, such as skeletal muscle. We employ a subvoxel model utilizing a randomly oriented bundle of straight vessels whose orientation statistics are characterized by a Fisher axial distribution with concentration parameter K quantifying the anisotropy of the distribution (K ¼ 0 indicates isotropic capillary orientation). The methodology is first validated with a proof-of-principle phantom experiment and is then applied to analyze the microvasculature of human calf muscle at rest. Results:The microcirculatory part of the diffusionweighted signal at b < 200 s/mm 2 is anisotropic. The variation of the diffusion-weighted signal with b-value exhibits stronger deviation from the expected monoexponential decay when the diffusion encoding gradient is applied parallel to the mean myofiber direction in the calf muscle of three healthy volunteers. The application of the model to data from the medial gastrocnemius and the soleus of the three volunteers gives results within the expected range for the mean microvascular volume fraction, the mean microflow velocity, and the parameter K. Conclusion:The proposed methodology has the capability of characterizing the anisotropy of the capillary network in vivo in a manner analogous to the capability of high b-value diffusion to characterize the anisotropy of muscle fibers.

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Estimating length density and quantifying anisotropy in skeletal muscle capillaries

Cited by 145 publications

References 25 publications

Second‐order stereology of spatial fibre systems

Second‐order stereology of spatial fibre systems

The high aerobic capacity of a small, marsupial rat-kangaroo (Bettongia penicillata) is matched by the mitochondrial and capillary morphology of its skeletal muscles

Intravoxel partially coherent motion technique: Characterization of the anisotropy of skeletal muscle microvasculature

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