Estimating global burden of COVID-19 with disability-adjusted life years and value of statistical life metrics

Fan, Chiao-Yun; Fann, Jean Ching Yuan; Yang, Ming‐Chin; Lin, Ting‐Yu; Chen, Chien-Jen; Liu, Jin‐Tan; Yang, Kuen-Cheh

doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2021.05.019

Cited by 48 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In Kerala state of India, COVID-19 has been reported to be associated with 24,592 DALYs until 15 November 2020 and 140,481 DALYs until 10 June 2021 14 . Similarly, Fan and colleagues 60 estimated 1.6 million COVID-19 associated DALYs from Jan 2020 to April 2021 in India. Our DALY estimates for the year 2020 are high due to accounting of unrecorded COVID-19 deaths in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to the direct health impact of COVID-19 in India, 2020

Singh

Devleesschauwer

Khatkar

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

COVID-19 has affected all countries. Its containment represents a unique challenge for India due to a large population (> 1.38 billion) across a wide range of population densities. Assessment of the COVID-19 disease burden is required to put the disease impact into context and support future pandemic policy development. Here, we present the national-level burden of COVID-19 in India in 2020 that accounts for differences across urban and rural regions and across age groups. Input data were collected from official records or published literature. The proportion of excess COVID-19 deaths was estimated using the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Washington data. Disability-adjusted life years (DALY) due to COVID-19 were estimated in the Indian population in 2020, comprised of years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD). YLL was estimated by multiplying the number of deaths due to COVID-19 by the residual standard life expectancy at the age of death due to the disease. YLD was calculated as a product of the number of incident cases of COVID-19, disease duration and disability weight. Scenario analyses were conducted to account for excess deaths not recorded in the official data and for reported COVID-19 deaths. The direct impact of COVID-19 in 2020 in India was responsible for 14,100,422 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 14,030,129–14,213,231) DALYs, consisting of 99.2% (95% UI 98.47–99.64%) YLLs and 0.80% (95% UI 0.36–1.53) YLDs. DALYs were higher in urban (56%; 95% UI 56–57%) than rural areas (44%; 95% UI 43.4–43.6) and in men (64%) than women (36%). In absolute terms, the highest DALYs occurred in the 51–60-year-old age group (28%) but the highest DALYs per 100,000 persons were estimated for the 71–80 years old age group (5481; 95% UI 5464–5500 years). There were 4,815,908 (95% UI 4,760,908–4,924,307) DALYs after considering reported COVID-19 deaths only. The DALY estimations have direct and immediate implications not only for public policy in India, but also internationally given that India represents one sixth of the world’s population.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to the direct health impact of COVID-19 in India, 2020

Singh

Devleesschauwer

Khatkar

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A systematic review on previous respiratory infectious disease outbreaks prior to COVID-19 (56) concluded to similar results by pointing out the significant burden of both direct and indirect medical costs for management and response activities. Most direct costs occured from the additional personnel hours, the response planning and contact tracing activities, the provision of training and educational materials and the laboratory costs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Most direct costs occured from the additional personnel hours, the response planning and contact tracing activities, the provision of training and educational materials and the laboratory costs. Indirect costs were greater than direct ones, particularly when school closures and/or workplace closures were implemented, due to lower productivity (56). However, given the strictness of the NPIs in COVID-19 pandemic the economic burden has been found to be high for primary production sectors including industries associated with activities in raw materials extraction, secondary industrial sectors involving the production of finished products and tertiary sectors encompassing service provision industries (57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cost of the COVID-19 pandemic vs the cost-effectiveness of mitigation strategies in the EU/UK/EEA and OECD countries: a systematic review

Vardavas

Zisis

Nikitara

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesCOVID-19 poses a threat of loss of life, economic instability, and social disruption. We conducted a systematic review of published economic analyses to assess the direct and indirect costs of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and to contrast these with the costs and the cost-benefit of public health surveillance, preparedness, and response measures in averting and/or responding to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.SettingA systematic literature review was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles estimating the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic and the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical interventions in EU/EEA/UK and OECD countries, published from the 1st of January 2020 through 22nd April 2021 in Ovid Medline and EMBASE. The cost-effectiveness of interventions was assessed through a dominance ranking matrix approach. All cost data were adjusted to the 2021 Euro, with interventions compared with the null.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDirect and indirect costs for SARS-CoV-2 and preparedness and/or response or cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness were measured.ResultsWe included data from 41 economic studies. Ten studies evaluated the cost of COVID-19 pandemic, while 31 assessed the cost-benefit of public health surveillance, preparedness, and response measures. Overall, the economic burden of SARS-CoV-2 was found to be substantial for both the general population and within specific population subgroups. Community screening, bed provision policies, investing in personal protective equipment and vaccination strategies were cost-effective, in most cases due to the representative economic value of below acceptable cost-effectiveness thresholds. Physical distancing measures were associated with health benefits; however, their cost-effectiveness was dependent on the duration, compliance and the phase of the epidemic in which it was implemented.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 is associated with substantial economic costs to healthcare systems, payers, and societies, both short term and long term, while interventions including testing and screening policies, vaccination and physical distancing policies were identified as those presenting cost-effective options to deal with the pandemic, dependent on population vaccination and the Re at the stage of the pandemic.

show abstract

“…Between country comparisons of YLL can be informative but the calculation of disease specific YLL can be prone to country specific differences in health care system and resources, and quality of cause of death statistics, as well as to diagnostic procedures and testing as can be seen in between country comparisons of YLL to COVID-19 (16). Without competing risk of suicide persons with psychiatric disease still have a shorter life expectancy (14,17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of years of life lost to 1,565 suicides versus 10,650 COVID-19 deaths in 2020 in Sweden: four times more years of life lost per suicide than per COVID-19 death

Ljung

Grünewald

Sundström

et al. 2022

ujms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The burden of disease from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is large; however, suicide affects the population year after year. From a public health perspective, it is important to not neglect contributors to the total burden of disease. The aim of this paper is to compare years of life lost (YLL) to suicide with those lost to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A nationwide cohort study in 2020, in Sweden. YLL was measured as the sex- and age-specific remaining life expectancy at the time of the person’s death based on the death risks that pertained to the Swedish population in 2019. YLL to suicide was compared to YLL to COVID-19 and presented by sex and age groups. Suicide deaths in 2020 were estimated as the annual average of suicides in 2015–2019. Results: Annual average of suicide was 1,565, whereof 1,076 (68.8%) men and 489 (31.2%) women. In 2020, 10,650 persons died of COVID-19, whereof 5,681 (53.3%) men and 4,969 (46.7%) women. Estimated total YLL to suicide and COVID-19 in 2020 was 53,237 and 90,116, respectively. The COVID-19 YLL to suicide YLL ratio in 2020 was 1.69 (90,116/53,237). Men accounted for 67.1% of suicide YLL and of 56.4% of COVID-19 YLL. Those 44 years or younger accounted for 60.3% of suicide YLL and 3.9% of COVID-19 YLL. Those 75 years and older accounted for 2.9% of suicide YLL and 60.9% of COVID-19 YLL. On average, each suicide generates 34 YLL (53,237/1,565), and each COVID-19 death generates 8.5 YLL (90,116/10,650). Conclusions: YLL to suicide affects Sweden year after year, foremost attributable to the younger age groups, whereas YLL to COVID-19 is foremost attributable to the elderly. On average, each suicide generates four times more YLL than a COVID-19 death. Enormous efforts and resources have been put on tackling the pandemic, and without these, the burden would probably have been much larger. However, from a public health perspective, it is important to not neglect other contributors to the total burden of disease where national efforts also may have an impact.

show abstract

Estimating global burden of COVID-19 with disability-adjusted life years and value of statistical life metrics

Cited by 48 publications

References 27 publications

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to the direct health impact of COVID-19 in India, 2020

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to the direct health impact of COVID-19 in India, 2020

The cost of the COVID-19 pandemic vs the cost-effectiveness of mitigation strategies in the EU/UK/EEA and OECD countries: a systematic review

Comparison of years of life lost to 1,565 suicides versus 10,650 COVID-19 deaths in 2020 in Sweden: four times more years of life lost per suicide than per COVID-19 death

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About