Estimating genetic variability among diverse lentil collections through novel multivariate techniques

Abstract

Lentil is an important food legume throughout the world and Pakistan stands at 18th position with 8,610 tons production from 17,457 hectares. It is rich in protein, carbohydrates, fat, fiber, and minerals that can potentially meet food security and malnutrition issues, particularly in South Asia. Two hundred and twenty lentil genotypes representing Pakistan (178), Syria (14), and the USA (22) including 6 from unknown origins were studied for yield, yield contributing traits, and cooking time (CT). Genotype 6122 (Pakistan) performed the best during both years with seed yield per plant (SY) 68±1.7 g, biological yield per plant (BY) 264±2.8 g, pod size (PS) 0.61±0.01 cm, number of seeds per pod (NSP) 2, cooking time (CT) 11 minutes, with no hard seed (HS). The genotypes 6122 (Pakistan) and 6042 (Syria) produced the highest BY, hence these have the potential to be an efficient source of fodder, particularly during extreme winter months. The genotypes 5698 (Pakistan) and 6015 (USA) were late in maturity during 2018–19 while 24783 and 5561 matured early in 2019. A minimum CT of 10 minutes was taken by the genotypes 6074 and 5745 of Pakistani origin. The lowest CT saves energy, time, and resources, keeps flavor, texture, and improves protein digestibility, hence the genotypes with minimum CT are recommended for developing better lentil cultivars. Pearson correlation matrix revealed significant association among several traits, especially SY with BY, PS, and NSP which suggests their use for the future crop improvement program. The PCA revealed a considerable reduction in components for the selection of suitable genotypes with desired traits that could be utilized for future lentil breeding. Structural Equational Model (SEM) for SY based on covariance studies indicated the perfect relationship among variables. Further, hierarchical cluster analysis establishes four clusters for 2017–18, whereas seven clusters for 2018–19. Cluster 4 of 2017–18 and cluster 5 of 2018–19 exhibited the genotypes with the best performance for most of the traits (SY, BY, PS, NSP, CT, and HS). Based on heritability; HSW, SY, BY, NSP were highly heritable, hence these traits are expected for selecting genotypes with genes of interest and for future lentil cultivars. In conclusion, 10 genotypes (5664, 5687, 6084, 6062, 6122, 6058, 6087, 5689, 6042 and 6074) have been suggested to evaluate under multi-location environments for selection of the best one/s or could be utilized in hybridization in future lentil breeding programs.

Heritability, genetic advance, and correlation studies of morpho-agronomic traits and brix in Burkina Faso sweet stalk sorghum genotypes

“…The high heritability of these traits confirms the weak influence of environmental factors on their expression. In this case, the phenotype allows a good prediction of the genotype of the lines [43]. Similar results were reported on sorghum [44] and pearl millet [45].…”

Assessment and Characterization of Genetic Diversity In Lentil (Lens Culinaris Medik.) Through K-Means Clustering

“…Cluster 1, Cluster-2, Cluster-3, Cluster-4 and Cluster-5 contained 19, 62, 56, 73 and 10 genotypes. Cluster 4 (73) consisted of highest number of genotypes representing Pakistan (67), USA (5) and Syria (1), hence it is assumed that it is exhibiting potential as parent material for future studies, while cluster 1 have maximum number of USA (10) genotypes during 2018 (Hussain et al 2022). Cluster1 consisted of those genotypes that produce lowest seed yield in both years while the Cluster-5 had genotypes with best seed yield (71-85g), biological yield (135-26g), pod size (0.48-0.61cm) and cooking time (13-15 mint) during both years.…”

The Prospects of gene introgression from crop wild relatives into cultivated lentil for climate change mitigation

“…Lentil CWRs have been extensively studied for useful traits that can serve as important genomic resources for future breeding programs. Various molecular marker systems such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs), simple sequence repeats (SSRs), randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) have been used to study the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Lens ( Havey and Muehlbauer, 1989 ; Abo-elwafa et al., 1995 ; Fratini et al., 2004 ; Ferguson et al., 2000 ; Sharma et al., 1995 ; Sharma et al., 1996 ; Fikiru et al., 2007 ; Babayeva et al., 2009 ; Hamwieh et al., 2009 ; Toklu et al., 2009 ; Gupta et al., 2012a ; Gupta et al., 2012b ; Kumar et al., 2014 ; Idrissi et al., 2015 ; Kushwaha et al., 2015 ; Mekonnen et al., 2015 ; Wong et al., 2015 ; Dissanayake et al., 2020 ; Hussain et al., 2022 ).…”

“…Likewise, metabolomics signifies the culmination of all the aforementioned genomics technologies and shows a direct correlation with the phenotypes. Researchers have begun to look into the drought and salinity stress management by analysing contrasting lentil genotypes ( Scippa et al., 2008 ; Caprioli et al., 2010 ; Scippa et al., 2010 ; Muscolo et al., 2015 ; Skliros et al., 2018 ; Shaheen et al., 2022 ) , although more research is needed in this area.…”

“…Recent advances in large-scale genome analyses, such as next generation sequencing (NGS), high throughput genotyping (HTG) and high throughput phenotyping (HTP) have added to the breadth of genetic diversity, development of genomic resources databases and knowledge on phylogenetics in the genus Lens. This information can be used for precise and efficient molecular genetic improvement and enhancement programs of lentils ( Kumar et al., 2021 ; Pratap et al., 2021 ; Hussain et al., 2022 ; Salaria et al., 2022 ; Salgotra and Stewart, 2022 ; Singh et al., 2022a ; Tiwari et al., 2022 ; Civantos-Go´ mez et al., 2022 ; Roy et al., 2023 ; Zeroual et al., 2023 ) similar to what has been achieved in major crops such as rice, wheat and maize ( Yoshino et al., 2019 ; Mishra et al., 2021 ).…”