Estimating evaporation in semi-arid areas facing data scarcity: Example of the El Haouareb dam (Merguellil catchment, Central Tunisia)

Alazard, Marina; Leduc, Christian; Travi, Yves; Boulet, Gilles; Salem, Abdelkrim Ben

doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2014.11.007

Cited by 41 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Evaporation was calculated daily as a function of meteorological data, such as radiation, atmospheric temperature and humidity, lake temperature, and wind speed, using the Penman formula (Alazard, Leduc, Travi, Boulet, & Ben, ). During June and July 2015, no meteorological data were recorded at the local station, and a fixed value of E = 35 m 3 /day was chosen as being representative of this interval.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaporation was calculated daily as a function of meteorological data, such as radiation, atmospheric temperature and humidity, lake temperature, and wind speed, using the Penman formula (Alazard, Leduc, Travi, Boulet, & Ben, 2015). This mean groundwater value was determined using wells that are potentially in the upstream but also in the downstream flow path of the lake.…”

Section: Stable Isotopic Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions between groundwater and seasonally ice‐covered lakes: Using water stable isotopes and radon‐222 multilayer mass balance models

Arnoux

Gibert-Brunet

Barbecot

et al. 2017

Hydrological Processes

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Interactions between lakes and groundwater are of increasing concern for freshwater environmental management but are often poorly characterized. Groundwater inflow to lakes, even at low rates, has proven to be a key in both lake nutrient balances and in determining lake vulnerability to pollution. Although difficult to measure using standard hydrometric methods, significant insight into groundwater–lake interactions has been acquired by studies applying geochemical tracers. However, the use of simple steady‐state, well‐mixed models, and the lack of characterization of lake spatiotemporal variability remain important sources of uncertainty, preventing the characterization of the entire lake hydrological cycle, particularly during ice‐covered periods. In this study, a small groundwater‐connected lake was monitored to determine the annual dynamics of the natural tracers, water stable isotopes and radon‐222, through the implementation of a comprehensive sampling strategy. A multilayer mass balance model was found outperform a well‐mixed, one‐layer model in terms of quantifying groundwater fluxes and their temporal evolution, as well as characterizing vertical differences. Water stable isotopes and radon‐222 were found to provide complementary information on the lake water budget. Radon‐222 has a short response time, and highlights rapid and transient increases in groundwater inflow, but requires a thorough characterization of groundwater radon‐222 activity. Water stable isotopes follow the hydrological cycle of the lake closely and highlight periods when the lake budget is dominated by evaporation versus groundwater inflow, but continuous monitoring of local meteorological parameters is required. Careful compilation of tracer evolution throughout the water column and over the entire year is also very informative. The developed models, which are suitable for detailed, site‐specific studies, allow the quantification of groundwater inflow and internal dynamics during both ice‐free and ice‐covered periods, providing an improved tool for understanding the annual water cycle of lakes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaporation was calculated daily as a function of meteorological data, such as radiation, atmospheric temperature and humidity, lake temperature, and wind speed, using the Penman formula (Alazard, Leduc, Travi, Boulet, & Ben, 2015). This mean groundwater value was determined using wells that are potentially in the upstream but also in the downstream flow path of the lake.…”

Section: Stable Isotopic Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between groundwater and seasonally ice‐covered lakes: Using water stable isotopes and radon‐222 multilayer mass balance models

Arnoux

Gibert-Brunet

Barbecot

et al. 2017

Hydrological Processes

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“…Water losses from small reservoirs in semi-arid regions are attributed primarily to evaporation [40]. Seepage losses are negligible considering that on-farm ponds are often lined by low-permeability clay liners, plastic sheets or sprayed concrete [2,41].…”

Section: Estimated Evaporation Losses From Small Water Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of small seasonal reservoirs in semi-arid regions and associated evaporative losses

Mady

Lehmann

Gorelick

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Commun.

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To support the increasing demand of a growing population for freshwater, small-sized (<0.1 km 2 ) water reservoirs are necessary in areas with limited infrastructure, especially in water-stressed regions having seasonal and variable precipitation. Seasonal storage in small reservoirs is often overlooked in present inventories. Accordingly, we assessed the current state in semi-arid regions using highly resolved Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Globally, about 3 million small reservoirs are in operation in semi-arid regions having a total water surface area of 17 800 km 2 and seasonal storage of 37 km 3 , supporting 15% of the world's population in semi-arid regions. Estimated upper-bound of evaporative losses represent 38% (14 km 3 ) of storage during dry season. The study estimates the evaporation suppression using floating covers and lays foundation to assess the feasibility of this technical solution to increase water savings. Significance and originality statementThis study provides new insights into the distribution of seasonal freshwater storage in water stressed regions that support large rural population. We provide the first baseline dataset of this distributed freshwater resource to better assess the sustainability of communities in semi-arid regions with chronic water shortages. Water storage in semi-arid regions is subject to potential evaporative losses of nearly 40% of the stored water. We analyzed conditions where evaporative losses could be significantly reduced using floating covers, a simple and scalable solution suitable for regions with underdeveloped economies. The study as well ranks regions with highest potential benefits from evaporation suppression measures.

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“…A format of Penman equation, once recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization [2,13], is used and slightly modified to calculate lake evaporation. The modification is an addition of the lake heat storage change rather than taking only the net radiation.…”

Section: Penman (Pm) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation and Evaluation of Seven Estimation Methods: Results from Brullus Lake, North of Nile Delta, Egypt

Hussein¹

2017

HYD

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Abstract:Variations in lake evaporation have a significant impact on the energy budget and water budget of lake.Understanding these variations and the role of climate is important for water resource management as well as predicting future changes in Lake Hydrology as a result of climate change. This study presents a comprehensive of 10 years dataset (2003 -2012) from Lake Brullus (Nile Delta Lake) North-Egypt for monthly and annually variations in lake evaporation. Evaporation during this interval was calculated using six evaporation methods, based on field meteorology, and lake water temperature data. Actual evaporation determined during a month of a year was estimated using a lake energy budget model, and the estimation was used as reference evaporation for evaluation of the six methods. The deviations of method carried out evaporation results from the reference evaporation were compared among the six methods, and an execution rank was suggested based on the root mean squared deviation and coefficient of efficiency. Makkink method was the best method for the whole data interval, followed by DeBruin-Kejiman method and the poor one is Penman method.

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Estimating evaporation in semi-arid areas facing data scarcity: Example of the El Haouareb dam (Merguellil catchment, Central Tunisia)

Cited by 41 publications

References 47 publications

Interactions between groundwater and seasonally ice‐covered lakes: Using water stable isotopes and radon‐222 multilayer mass balance models

Interactions between groundwater and seasonally ice‐covered lakes: Using water stable isotopes and radon‐222 multilayer mass balance models

Distribution of small seasonal reservoirs in semi-arid regions and associated evaporative losses

Evaporation and Evaluation of Seven Estimation Methods: Results from Brullus Lake, North of Nile Delta, Egypt

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