Estimating EQ-5D values from the Neck Disability Index and numeric rating scales for neck and arm pain

Abstract

<jats:sec> <jats:title>Object</jats:title> <jats:p>The Neck Disability Index (NDI) and numeric rating scales (0 to 10) for neck pain and arm pain are widely used cervical spine disease–specific measures. Recent studies have shown that there is a strong relationship between the SF-6D and the NDI such that using a simple linear regression allows for the estimation of an SF-6D value from the NDI alone. Due to ease of administration and scoring, the EQ-5D is increasingly being used as a measure of utility in the clinical setting. The purpose of this study is to determine if the EQ-5D values can be estimated from commonly available cervical spine disease–specific health-related quality of life measures, much like the SF-6D.</jats:p></jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>The EQ-5D, NDI, neck pain score, and arm pain score were prospectively collected in 3732 patients who presented to the authors' clinic with degenerative cervical spine disorders. Correlation coefficients for paired observations from multiple time points between the NDI, neck pain and arm pain scores, and EQ-5D were determined. Regression models were built to estimate the EQ-5D values from the NDI, neck pain, and arm pain scores.</jats:p></jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>The mean age of the 3732 patients was 53.3 ± 12.2 years, and 43% were male. Correlations between the EQ-5D and the NDI, neck pain score, and arm pain score were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.0001), with correlation coefficients of −0.77, −0.62, and −0.50, respectively. The regression equation 0.98947 + (−0.00705 × NDI) + (−0.00875 × arm pain score) + (−0.00877 × neck pain score) to predict EQ-5D had an R-square of 0.62 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.146. The model using NDI alone had an R-square of 0.59 and a RMSE of 0.150. The model using the individual NDI items had an R-square of 0.46 and an RMSE of 0.172. The correlation coefficient between the observed and estimated EQ-5D scores was 0.79. There was no statistically significant difference between the actual EQ-5D score (0.603 ± 0.235) and the estimated EQ-5D score (0.603 ± 0.185) using the NDI, neck pain score, and arm pain score regression model. However, rounding off the coefficients to fewer than 5 decimal places produced less accurate results.</jats:p></jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>The regression model estimating the EQ-5D from the NDI, neck pain score, and arm pain score accounted for 60% of the variability of the EQ-5D with a relatively large RMSE. This regression model may not be sufficient to accurately or reliably estimate actual EQ-5D values.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Health-related quality of life in pregnancy with uterine fibroid: a cross-sectional study in China

“…According to prior studies, pain was shown to be the most common symptom of UF during pregnancy, and the risk of depression could increase in this situation [3, 8]. Some past studies used the EuroQoL Group’s five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) to measure and assess the relationship between pain, depressive symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) [7, 9, 10]. Considering that most pregnant women do not have fatal diseases, it was suitable to use a generalized questionnaire to assess their HRQoL values.…”

Mapping the neck disability index to SF-6D in patients with chronic neck pain

“…No known studies have compared and mapped the individual items of NDI and SF-6D in patients with CNP, but a recent study by Carreon LY and colleagues compared the NDI with the EQ-5D-3 L in patients with neck and/or upper-extremity complaints [ 36 ]. They found no significant relationship between the EQ-5D-3 L and the NDI to allow for a valid estimation of EQ-5D-3 L indexes from the NDI using regression modeling, although the model using the individual NDI items had an R 2 of 0.46 and an RMSE of 0.172.…”

Comparing Utility Scores in Common Spinal Radiculopathies: Results of a Prospective Valuation Study

“…In two studies of over 3,700 patients with degenerative cervical spine disorders and 14,500 patients with degenerative lumbar conditions undergoing surgical treatment, the authors could not accurately predict EQ-5D scores from Neck Disability Index, Oswestry Disability Index, or VAS scores. 23 24 For unclear reasons, however, when the same group performed similar studies using the SF-6D, they were able to develop models with a reasonable degree of accuracy. 25 26 …”