Estimating color in Hazen units by spectrophotometry

Crowther, Joan; Evans, John E.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1981.tb04702.x

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Analytical methods for TP, Fe, DOC, and alkalinity (by Gran titration) are described in detail in a report by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment [1983]. True color was measured by a eolofimetfie method designed to emulate Hazen units [Crowther and Evans, 1977 Figure 1. Transmission through the borosilicate bottles deelined sharply below 340 nm (46% at 340 nm, 7% at 320 nm).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Photolytic regulation of dissolved organic carbon in northern lakes

Molot¹,

Dillon²

1997

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

144

111

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Abstract. We examined the extent to which photolytic and nonphotolytic decomposition rates of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) could account for the annual retention or loss of DOC inputs in lakes (retention is equal to stream inputs plus atmospheric inputs minus stream discharge which is equivalent to storage in sediments plus degassed to atmosphere). Losses of DOC inputs to sediments and the atmosphere were large, averaging 38 to 70% of total inputs in seven study lakes between 1980 and 1992. Up to 50% of stream DOC was lost as inorganic C when exposed to solar radiation during 6 to 11 day surface exposures in bottles whereas lake DOC concentration was unaffected by solar radiation. Stream DOC loss was significantly less in the dark suggesting a low microbial consumption rate. Photodecay constants, extrapolated to each of the study lakes after correction for in situ mixing conditions and extinction of UVA and UVB, were similar to corresponding mass balance rate constants representing sediment storage and losses to the atmosphere. This suggests that photodecay is potentially large enough in situ to account for all of the DOC losses to the atmosphere and sediments in the low DOC lakes (<4 mg L 'l) but cannot account for all of the DOC lost in the high DOC lakes (>4 mg L'l). The mass balance and photodecay approaches employed in the study of carbon budgets show that UV degradation is probably an important mechanism in transfer of stream DOC to the sediment particulate C pool and to the atmosphere.

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Photolytic regulation of dissolved organic carbon in northern lakes

Molot¹,

Dillon²

1997

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

144

111

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“…The samples were filtered with a 0.45-mm filter and the pH was adjusted to 7.5. The wavelength of 400 nm for the color measurement was chosen based on the fact that wavelengths from 400 to 500 nm had been used for the color measurement (Crowther and Evans, 1981), and a typical wavelength varies according to each specific water, and the pH at which the color and absorbance determination were made.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Coagulation with Potassium Ferrate(VI) for Removing Humic Substances

Jiang¹,

Wang²

2003

Environmental Engineering Science

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Potassium ferrate (K 2 FeO 4 ) has the strongest oxidation strength among all the oxidants/disinfectants practically used for water and wastewater treatment. Apart from this, in the oxidation process, ferrate(VI) ions are reduced to Fe(III) ions or ferric hydroxide, and this simultaneously generates a coagulant in a single dosing and mixing unit process. This paper demonstrates that potassium ferrate can perform better than ferric sulphate at lower doses for treating waters containing humic and fulvic acids in terms of removing UV 254 absorbance and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and lowering the trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP), indicating that the potassium ferrate is a potential water treatment chemical for "enhanced coagulation."

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“…A second absorbance reading is required to obtain a suitable correction for particulates. With this method, the human response factor is minimized, and the accuracy, as estimated by standard deviation, is one Hazen unit [3].…”

Section: Variation Of Colour (Hazen Unit)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Drinking Water Quality in Rural Areas of Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka

Samarasinghe¹,

Samarakoon²

2018

IJEAB

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Due to the human activities, the natural water system gets contaminated with various chemical substances which can be harmful for the human health. In this research, it was attempted to find out the variation of drinkingwater quality in rural areas of Kurunegala district, Sri Lanka. Five GramaNiladari (GN) divisions in Ibbagamuwa Divisional Secretariat (DS) Division, were selected as the study area for this research. Seven water quality parameters were investigated in laboratory scale, which were basically divided in to physical and chemical parameters. Altogether 150 samples were collectedand all the parameters were investigated in the laboratory scaleunder the standard specifications given in SLS 614:2013 part 1. In this research, it was identified that Ibbagamuwa DS Divisionwas badly contaminated with water hardness (exceeded the standard limit of 200 mg/l). Further, several areas were identified as not suitable for drinking purposes. Most of the time, these unsuitable areas were reported around the Kibulwanaoya reservoir, one of the main irrigation reservoirs located inIbbagamuwa DS Division. This area was highly contaminated with chloride and fluoride iron. There were several places that were appropriately identified as safe for drinking purposes because all the water quality parameters in that area were within the standard limit. The areas with suitable water resources have been identified around the rocky areas. It was also identified that the ground water around the highly cultivated areas and irrigation reservoir were not in good condition. The design of separate maps for each water quality parameters were very important for people in this area. By referring these maps, they will be able to identify what are the suitable and unsuitable areas to take water for the purpose of drinking.

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Estimating color in Hazen units by spectrophotometry

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Photolytic regulation of dissolved organic carbon in northern lakes

Photolytic regulation of dissolved organic carbon in northern lakes

Enhanced Coagulation with Potassium Ferrate(VI) for Removing Humic Substances

Variation of Drinking Water Quality in Rural Areas of Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka

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