Estimating clock uncertainty for efficient duty-cycling in sensor networks

Ganeriwal, Saurabh; Ganesan, Deepak; Shim, Hohyun; Tsiatsis, Vlasios; Srivastava, Mani

doi:10.1145/1098918.1098933

Cited by 133 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…A real clock features random and dynamic skews varying as a stochastic process [2][14] [29][36] [38]. Among multiple skew models [14], we applied the WGN (white Gaussian noise) random walk model [2] [14], expressed by Eq.2, as a tough-case example studied in this paper.…”

Section: Clock Drift Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They usually function at the MAC layer and can be categorized into two general classes: (i) asynchronous [5] [29]. In asynchronous designs, the sender tries to capture the unknown active time of the receiver, by sacrificing energy [5][6] [28], channel efficiency [5] [6], or per-hop delay [23] [17], which can work well under low traffic load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PSR: Practical synchronous rendezvous in low-duty-cycle wireless networks

Huang

Yun

Zhong

et al. 2013

2013 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM

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Abstract-Low-duty-cycle radio operations have been proposed for wireless networks facing severe energy constraints. Despite energy savings, duty-cycling the radio creates transient-available wireless links, making communication rendezvous a challenging task under the practical issue of clock drift. To overcome limitations of prior work, this paper presents PSR, a practical design for synchronous rendezvous in low-duty-cycle wireless networks. The key idea behind PSR is to extract timing information naturally embedded in the pattern of radio duty-cycling, so that normal traffic in the network can be utilized as a "free" input for drift detection, which helps reduce (or even eliminate) the overhead of traditional time-stamp exchange with dedicated packets or bits. To prevent an overuse of such free information, leading to energy waste, an energy-driven adaptive mechanism is developed for clock calibration to balance between energy efficiency and rendezvous accuracy. PSR is evaluated with both test-bed experiments and extensive simulations, by augmenting and comparing with four different MAC protocols. Results show that PSR is practical and effective under different levels of traffic load, and can be fused with those MAC protocols to improve their energy efficiency without major change of the original designs. I. INTRODUCTIONIn wireless networks with severe energy constraints, e.g., wireless sensor networks [1], low-duty-cycle radio operations have been proposed as one of the major techniques to elongate the network lifetime [5], since the radio can be a main source of energy consumption [13]. Basically, the RF module of a node stays active only for a small percentage of time during each duty-cycle period (e.g., 1%), while keeps in low-energy sleep/off mode for the rest of the time [5][28]. Low-duty-cycle radio activity has been favorable in applications such as environment monitoring (e.g., Redwood [3], GreenOrbs [9]), animal observation (e.g., Great Duck Island [10]), civil structure surveillance (e.g., Mine [11]), etc. In all those applications, low-duty-cycle networking provides a nice trade-off between service quality and energy cost; however, it also brings about transient-available radio links that are essentially at odd with highly efficient communication. This is because in low-dutycycle networks, two nodes located within each other's radio range can communicate only when both of them are active simultaneously for transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) [12]. A problem called communication rendezvous [17].Many smart ideas have been proposed for the rendezvous task in low-duty-cycle wireless networks. They usually function at the MAC layer and can be categorized into two general classes: (i) asynchronous [5]

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Section: Clock Drift Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PSR: Practical synchronous rendezvous in low-duty-cycle wireless networks

Huang

Yun

Zhong

et al. 2013

2013 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM

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“…The DPLC scheme provides two services for upperlayer applications, i.e., the aggregation service (AS, for small messages) and the fragmentation service (FS, for large messages). (i) AS is useful for small data collection, e.g., CTP [7].…”

Section: Proposed Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Various Technologies for Packet Length Optimization in Wireless Sensor Network

2015

IJSR

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Abstract:In wireless sensor networks, dynamic packet length control is more efficient in terms of channel utilization and energy efficiency. In previous packet length optimizations for sensor network often employ a fixed optimal packet length scheme, while dynamic packet length provide accurate radio link estimation and increase system throughput. The adaptation of dynamic packet length is 802.11 wireless systems. The packet delivery ratio keep high i.e. 95% above and link estimated error within 10% for 95% link. The experiments provide optimization of dynamic packet length achieves best performances related to the previous experiments.

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“…Since energy is an important factor for WSNs and the synchronisation period will greatly effect energy consumption as depicted in Ganeriwal et al (2009), it is essential to employ a period as large as possible to save energy. But this does not mean that the bigger the better for synchronisation period.…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensible time synchronisation protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wang

et al. 2017

IJSNET

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Abstract:One important aspect in many applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is time synchronisation. There are still some problems to be solved for time synchronisation, such as error and imbalance of time synchronisation precision, causing the fluctuations among nodes' time and being even worse for those with a larger number of hops, producing unstable communication links for the network. In this paper, we introduce an extensible time synchronisation protocol (ETSP) for WSNs and nodes get synchronised through time stamps from the root node directly or indirectly. We improve the least square method for linear regression to get better performance of time drift and spread the time information from the root node to the whole network. The proposed method reduces fluctuations in terms of time among nodes especially for the nodes far from the root, enhancing stability in large-scale networks. Simulation and experimental results show good performance of our method. 30F. Wang et al.

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Estimating clock uncertainty for efficient duty-cycling in sensor networks

Cited by 133 publications

References 12 publications

PSR: Practical synchronous rendezvous in low-duty-cycle wireless networks

PSR: Practical synchronous rendezvous in low-duty-cycle wireless networks

Analysis of Various Technologies for Packet Length Optimization in Wireless Sensor Network

Extensible time synchronisation protocol for wireless sensor networks

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