Estimating alcohol‐attributable fractions for injuries based on data from emergency department and observational studies: a comparison of two methods

Ye, Yu; Shield, Kevin D.; Cherpitel, Cheryl J.; Manthey, Jakob; Korcha, Rachael; Rehm, Jürgen

doi:10.1111/add.14477

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Males (90%) and young people aged 15–39 years (40%) dominate alcohol-attributable injury deaths [ 1 ]. Impacts on health systems are considerable, with alcohol contributing to between 5% and 40% of all emergency department (ED) injury presentations across 27 countries [ 2 ]. This comes with significant costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and the Risk of Injury

Chikritzhs

Livingston

2021

Nutrients

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Globally, almost four and a half million people died from injury in 2019. Alcohol’s contribution to injury-related premature loss of life, disability and ill-health is pervasive, touching individuals, families and societies throughout the world. We conducted a review of research evidence for alcohol’s causal role in injury by focusing on previously published systematic reviews, meta-analyses and where indicated, key studies. The review summarises evidence for pharmacological and physiological effects that support postulated causal pathways, highlights findings and knowledge gaps relevant to specific forms of injury (i.e., violence, suicide and self-harm, road injury, falls, burns, workplace injuries) and lays out options for evidence-based prevention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and the Risk of Injury

Chikritzhs

Livingston

2021

Nutrients

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“…Alcohol's impact on the delivery of health services is substantial. Over the last several decades over 100 emergency departments from 33 countries have contributed to a comprehensive study of alcohol's involvement in injury [16]. In most countries, alcohol's contribution is in the region of 20% of all presenting injuries, while alcohol's contribution to non‐injury emergency department presentations averages 11.5%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of alcohol on health care during COVID‐19

Stockwell

Andréasson

Cherpitel

et al. 2020

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Alcohol's impact on global health is substantial and of a similar order of magnitude to that from COVID‐19. Alcohol now also poses specific concerns, such as increased risk of severe lung infections, domestic violence, child abuse, depression and suicide. Its use is unlikely to aid physical distancing or other preventative behavioural measures. Globally, alcohol contributes to 20% of injury and 11.5% of non‐injury emergency room presentations. We provide some broad comparisons between alcohol‐attributable and COVID‐19‐related hospitalisations and deaths in North America using most recent data. For example, for Canada in 2017 it was recently estimated there were 105 065 alcohol‐attributable hospitalisations which represent a substantially higher rate over time than the 10 521 COVID‐19 hospitalisations reported during the first 5 months of the pandemic. Despite the current importance of protecting health‐care services, most governments have deemed alcohol sales to be as essential as food, fuel and pharmaceuticals. In many countries, alcohol is now more readily available and affordable than ever before, a situation global alcohol producers benefit from and have helped engineer. We argue that to protect frontline health‐care services and public health more generally, it is essential that modest, evidence‐based restrictions on alcohol prices, availability and marketing are introduced. In particular, we recommend increases in excise taxation coupled with minimum unit pricing to both reduce impacts on health‐care services and provide much‐needed revenues for governments at this critical time.

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“…Alcohol use is a leading risk factor of injuries [1] , contributing to both intentional injuries (self-harm, interpersonal violence) and unintentional injuries (road traffic injuries, falls, drowning) [2] . Internationally, alcohol is estimated to be involved in about 15% of injuries presenting to the emergency centre [3] ;that percentage is much higher in South Africa, between 36% and 79% [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal changes in trauma according to alcohol sale restrictions during the South African national COVID-19 lockdown

Hoving

Koningsbruggen²,

Man³

et al. 2021

African Journal of Emergency Medicine

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Introduction The South African government enforced various alcohol sale restrictions during the COVID-19 lockdown in order to reduce hospital admissions related to alcohol-associated injuries. A cross-sectional study was performed to describe the temporal changes in trauma according to alcohol sale restrictions during the South African national COVID-19 lockdown. Methods Data from all trauma-related patients presenting to the emergency centre of Mitchells Plain Hospital from 01/03/2020 till 29/9/2020 and corresponding periods during 2019 were exported from an existing database. The relationship between variables was determined with the χ 2 -test, Fisher's exact test, independent samples median test or t -test. A sub-analysis compared similar 2020 lockdown levels when a second alcohol ban were instituted while most business were allowed to operate (level 3b – alcohol banned versus level 3 – alcohol restricted). Results Total number of trauma presentations were 539 (14.6%) less in 2020 (n = 3160) than in 2019 (n = 3699); the mean number decreased by 2.5 per day (95% CI −2.9 to −2.1). Lockdown levels with an alcohol ban had on average 4.8 less patients per day than corresponding periods in 2019 (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in lockdown levels with alcohol sale restrictions (mean difference per day −0.4, p = 0.195). Trauma presentations increased significantly (mean difference per day 7.0 (95% CI 6.5 to 7.5)) from 2020 lockdown levels with alcohol sales ban (mean per day 11.4) to 2020 lockdown levels with alcohol sale restrictions (mean per day 18.4). Significantly less patients (mean −3.2 (95% CI −3.9 to −2.5)) presented during 2020 lockdown level 3b (alcohol sales banned, mean 13.9) compared to level 3 (alcohol sales restricted, mean 17.1). Conclusion Temporal changes in trauma were observed according to alcohol sale restrictions during South Africa's COVID-19 lockdown periods. Significantly less trauma cases presented during periods with an alcohol ban compared to periods where alcohol sales were only restricted.

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Estimating alcohol‐attributable fractions for injuries based on data from emergency department and observational studies: a comparison of two methods

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Alcohol and the Risk of Injury

Alcohol and the Risk of Injury

The burden of alcohol on health care during COVID‐19

Temporal changes in trauma according to alcohol sale restrictions during the South African national COVID-19 lockdown

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