Estimates of the extent of morbidity and mortality due to occupational diseases in Canada

Kraut, Allen

doi:10.1002/ajim.4700250213

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…If the unadjusted RR were available, then an unbiased estimate can be obtained by replacing P c in equation 2 by the expression P × RR / [P (RR -1) + 1] to obtain (20): A corresponding equation for case-referent sampling studies, analogous to equation 2, is as follows (23): AF = P c (OR a -1) / OR a , (equation 4) where OR a is the adjusted odds ratio. Equation 4 can be derived from equation 1 if it is assumed that the disease risk is low in the population from which the cases arose.…”

Section: Attributable Fraction Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Nurminen¹,

Karjalainen²

2001

Scand J Work Environ Health

260

202

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Objectives This study attempts to estimate the proportion of annual deaths related to occupational factors in Finland and considers related methodological issues and associated uncertainties.Methods Statistics on causes of death, numbers of subjects exposed, and risk ratios obtained from the epidemiologic literature were used to estimate the population attributable fraction and disease burden for causes of death from work-related diseases. Gender-, age-and disease-specific numbers of deaths were provided by Statistics Finland for 1996. Information on the size of the population, broken down by gender, age, occupation, and industry, was acquired from population censuses. A Finnish job-exposure matrix supplied data on the prevalence of exposure for specific agents and the level of exposure among exposed workers. ResultsThe attributable fraction of work-related mortality in the relevant disease and age categories was estimated to be 7% (10% for men and 2% for women), and for all diseases and ages the fraction was 4%. For the main cause-of-death categories, the attributable fraction became 12% for circulatory system diseases, 8% for malignant neoplasms, 4% for respiratory system diseases, 4% for mental disorders, 3% for nervous system diseases, and 3% for accidents and violence. The following estimates were obtained for specific important diseases: 24% for lung cancer, 17% for ischemic heart disease, 12% for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 11% for stroke. Based on these fractions, the total number of work-related deaths that occurred in Finland in 1996 was calculated to be on the order of 1800 (employed work force of 2.1 million); 86% involved men.Conclusions High-quality epidemiologic studies and national survey data are essential for obtaining reliable estimates of the proportion of deaths attributable to occupational factors. The magnitude of work-related mortality is an insufficiently recognized contributor to total mortality in Finland, especially from circulatory diseases and other diseases caused by exposure to agents other than asbestos.Key terms attributable fraction, burden of disease, epidemiologic methods, health statistics, occupational exposure. Global estimates of the burden of disease due to occupational factors have been calculated through the application of Finnish rates of registered work-related diseases (1). The approach is subject to the following two fundamental uncertainties: (i) the validity of the data on disease incidence from the national reporting scheme and (ii) the validity of worldwide extrapolations to different regions with different exposure circumstances. With the exception of studies using workers' compensation records, only a few research projects have estimated the magnitude of morbidity or mortality induced by exposure to hazardous agents or stress factors in the work environment at a state or national level. The investigations conducted in this area have covered New York State (2), the whole of the United States (3), Canada (4), and Australia (5). Given the lack of ...

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Section: Attributable Fraction Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Nurminen¹,

Karjalainen²

2001

Scand J Work Environ Health

260

202

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“…Several investigators have recently attempted to estimate the magnitude and cost of occupationally-related mortality in the United States and elsewhere [Landrigan and Markowitz, 1989;Olsen and Kristensen, 1991;Kraut, 1994;Kerr et al, 1996;Leigh et al, 1997;Nurminen and Karjalainen, 2001]. For example, Leigh et al [1997] estimated 65,800 deaths each year can be attributed to occupational injury (6,500) or illness (60,300), with a total cost to society of over $23 billion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dying for work: The magnitude of US mortality from selected causes of death associated with occupation

Steenland

Burnett

Lalich

et al. 2003

American J Industrial Med

223

155

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Our estimate is in the range reported by previous investigators, although we have restricted ourselves more than others to only those diseases with well-established occupational etiology, biasing our estimates conservatively. The underlying assumptions and data used to generate the estimates are well documented, so our estimates may be updated as new data emerges on occupational risks and exposed populations, providing an advantage over previous studies. We estimate that occupational deaths are the 8th leading cause of death in the US, after diabetes (64,751) but ahead of suicide (30,575), and greater than the annual number of motor vehicle deaths per year (43,501).

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“…Discussions continue regarding the actual extent of such WRMSD; i.e., the degree to which true incidence is different from the number of reported cases. Some studies suggest that WRMSD are in general under-reported [Fine et al, 1986;Gerr et al, 1991;Kraut, 1994;Maizlish et al, 1995;Oleinick et al, 1995;Rosenman et al, 2000]. The extent of potential under-reporting on the state or national level, if any, has been dif®cult to establish using traditional methods of looking at workers' compensation data, medical case series, or industry prevalence surveys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capture–recapture estimation of unreported work‐related musculoskeletal disorders in Connecticut

Morse

Dillon

Warren

et al. 2001

American J Industrial Med

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Estimates of the extent of morbidity and mortality due to occupational diseases in Canada

Abstract: Occupational diseases are a significant and under-estimated cause of morbidity and mortality in Canada.

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland

Dying for work: The magnitude of US mortality from selected causes of death associated with occupation

Capture–recapture estimation of unreported work‐related musculoskeletal disorders in Connecticut

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