Estimates of Stress Drop of the Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake of 20 September 1999 from Near-Field Seismograms

Hwang, Robert R.; Wang, Jeen-Hwa; Huang, Bor-Shouh; Chen, Kou-Cheng; Huang, Win‐Gee; Chang, Tzu-Heng; Chiu, Hsiang Chih; Tsai, Chih-Hsin

doi:10.1785/0120000708

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Gen er ally, E s mea sured from lo cal seismograms is larger than that done from teleseismic data (Bolt 1986;Smith et al 1991;Singh and Ordaz 1994;Hwang et al 2001;Huang et al 2002). The strong site ef fect at higher fre quen cies (greater than 0.01 Hz) can pro duce an over es ti ma tion of source parameters (Boatwright et al 2002; Pérez-Campes et al 2003) while fi nite fre quency band width lim i ta tion leads to an oppo site ef fect (Hwang et al 2001;Ide and Beroza 2001;Wang 2004). Boore (1988), Di Bona and Rovelli (1988), and Singh and Ordaz (1994 stressed that E s can be un deres ti mated when high-fre quency sig nals are not in cluded.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Fig ure 9 shows the log-log plot of E s ver sus M o in the solid squares, with one-stan dard-de vi a tion bars, for the 22 events. Hwang et al (2001) . In Fig.…”

Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sev eral fac tors could af fect the mea sures of E s and M o from lo cal, regional, and teleseismic data, thus, re sult ing in high divergence of E s /M o (Vassiliou and Kanamori 1982;Kikuchi and Fukao 1988;Choy and Boatwright 1995). Gen er ally, E s mea sured from lo cal seismograms is larger than that done from teleseismic data (Bolt 1986;Smith et al 1991;Singh and Ordaz 1994;Hwang et al 2001;Huang et al 2002). The strong site ef fect at higher fre quen cies (greater than 0.01 Hz) can pro duce an over es ti ma tion of source parameters (Boatwright et al 2002; Pérez-Campes et al 2003) while fi nite fre quency band width lim i ta tion leads to an oppo site ef fect (Hwang et al 2001;Ide and Beroza 2001;Wang 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In ad di tion to the mainshock, a large num ber of after shocks were re corded by an is land-wide seis mic network, in clud ing more than 600 free-field strong-mo tion stations, op er ated by the Cen tral Weather Bu reau (CWB) (Shin et al 2000). Hwang et al (2001) mea sured the val ues of E s , M o , and E s /M o of the mainshock from near-fault seis mic data. Wang (2004) and Wang and Huang (2007) cor rected their value of E s to re move the ef fect of fi nite fre quency band width lim i ta tion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scaled Energies of ML > 5.1 After shocks of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake Measured from Local Seismograms

Huang¹

2009

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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In this study, we mea sure the seis mic ra di a tion en ergy, E s , and seis mic mo ment, M o , of twenty-two larger-sized after shocks with 5.1 £ M L £ 6.5 of the 1999 M s 7.6 Chi-Chi, Tai wan, earth quake from high-qual ity dig i tal strong-mo tion data re corded at sta tions with epicentral dis tances of less than 50 km through a method pro posed by An drews (1986 . The scaled en er gies of the 22 events are de pend ent upon earth quake mag ni tude, M s , when both E s and M o are eval u ated from lo cal seismograms; yet, in de pend ent of M s when M o is es ti mated from teleseismic data. Scaled en ergy slightly de pends on the depth, h (in km), through the fol low ing form:. In ad di tion, the cor ner fre quency, f c , is also mea sured. Its value ranges from 0.15 to 1.34. The scal ing law be tween M o and f c is:Key words: Scaled en ergy, Ra di a tion en ergy, Seis mic mo ment, After shocks, Chi-Chi earth quake Sci., 20, 671-685, doi: 10.3319/TAO.2008.10.13.01(T) IN TRO DUC TIONThe seis mic-wave en ergy, E s , and seis mic mo ment, M o , are two com monly used pa ram e ters quan ti fy ing earth quakes and can be di rectly mea sured from seismograms. The scaled en ergy, E s /M o , which is de fined to be the ra tio of seis mic radiation en ergy to seis mic mo ment, de notes the ra di ated energy per unit seis mic mo ment of an earth quake. Sev eral fac tors could af fect the mea sures of E s and M o from lo cal, regional, and teleseismic data, thus, re sult ing in high divergence of E s /M o (Vassiliou and Kanamori 1982;Kikuchi and Fukao 1988;Choy and Boatwright 1995). Gen er ally, E s mea sured from lo cal seismograms is larger than that done from teleseismic data (Bolt 1986;Smith et al. 1991;Singh and Ordaz 1994;Hwang et al. 2001;Huang et al. 2002). The strong site ef fect at higher fre quen cies (greater than 0.01 Hz) can pro duce an over es ti ma tion of source parameters (Boatwright et al. 2002; Pérez-Campes et al. 2003) while fi nite fre quency band width lim i ta tion leads to an oppo site ef fect (Hwang et al. 2001;Ide and Beroza 2001;Wang 2004). Boore (1988), Di Bona and Rovelli (1988), and Singh and Ordaz (1994 stressed that E s can be un deres ti mated when high-fre quency sig nals are not in cluded. On the other hand, the es ti mate of M o from long-pe riod tele seismic data has lower un cer tainty due to the use of longer-pe riod sig nals.Kanamori ( . They also stressed that dur ing an earth quake rup ture en ergy loss due to co he sion can not be ig nored. Brodsky and Kanamori (2001)

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mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Fig ure 9 shows the log-log plot of E s ver sus M o in the solid squares, with one-stan dard-de vi a tion bars, for the 22 events. Hwang et al (2001) . In Fig.…”

Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Scaled Energies of ML > 5.1 After shocks of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake Measured from Local Seismograms

Huang¹

2009

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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“…(Kikuchi and Fukao 1988;Kanamori 1994;Kanamori and Heaton 2000). In general, radiated seismic energy can either be determined from the integration of seismic waves (e.g., Choy and Boatwright 1995;Hwang et al 2001;Pérez-Campos and Beroza 2001) or source time function (e.g., Vassiliou and Kanamori 1982;Kikuchi and Fukao 1988;Hwang et al 2010Hwang et al , 2012Hwang 2012). Scaled energy, the ratio (E S /M 0 ) of radiated seismic energy (E S ) to seismic moment (M 0 ), is related to the dynamics of earthquake faulting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Event Analysis of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake: Implications for Variations in Radiated Seismic Energy During Faulting

Hwang¹

2013

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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A forward modeling of P-waves for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake revealed at least seven sub-events that occurred during faulting with the largest event (i.e., the third sub-event) located at a position ~50 km northeast of the epicenter. Simulations of P-waves showed that it would be more appropriate to model the P-waves using thrust faulting for the first three sub-events and using strike-slip faulting for the last four. In other words, the faulting for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was composed substantially of two mechanisms; the former was a thrust faulting and the latter was a strike-slip rupture. The mechanical transition was near the town of Beichuan, ~100 km northeast of the epicenter. Variations in radiated seismic energy (E S ) showed the largest E S released from the fourth sub-event. Results also indicated remarkable distinctions between E S and E S0 (called the available energy). On the whole, the total E S , which was higher than E S0 estimated from static stress drop, suggested that the earthquake should be interrupted by a stress model of abrupt-locking. Further, the former thrust faulting released a relatively lower amount of E S than the latter strike-slip event. Orowan's stress model, i.e., E S ≈ E S0 , can specify former thrust ruptures implying a high rupture velocity. Because E S > E S0 for latter strike-slip ruptures, a stress model of abrupt-locking, implying higher dynamic stress drop and lower friction during an earthquake, can account for the feature of the latter ruptures. This might suggest that the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake should have a high rupture velocity, perhaps approaching the crustal Swave velocity or even higher.

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Moment magnitude estimation using Iran strong motion data

Eshaghi¹,

Aoudia

Shahvar³

et al. 2022

J Seismol

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Estimates of Stress Drop of the Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake of 20 September 1999 from Near-Field Seismograms

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

Scaled Energies of ML > 5.1 After shocks of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake Measured from Local Seismograms

Scaled Energies of ML > 5.1 After shocks of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake Measured from Local Seismograms

Multiple Event Analysis of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake: Implications for Variations in Radiated Seismic Energy During Faulting

Moment magnitude estimation using Iran strong motion data

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