Estimates of Solutes Accumulating in Plants by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Jones, GP; Naidu, BP; Starr, R.; Paleg, L. G.

doi:10.1071/pp9860649

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Crude extracts of water-stressed alfalfa root nodules contain 'H-NMR resonances that were interpreted as N-methyl protons of these compounds (16), and stachydrine was identified in 1918 from alfalfa hay extracts (30). Although trigonelline occurs in seeds of many other legumes (31), data reported here are ecologically important because they establish its presence in alfalfa seed rinse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trigonelline and Stachydrine Released from Alfalfa Seeds Activate NodD2 Protein in Rhizobium meliloti

Phillips

Joseph²,

Maxwell³

1992

Plant Physiol.

164

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Spectroscopic data (nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible) in this study identify trigonelline and stachydrine as major components of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed rinse. Moreover, biological assays show that these natural products induce nodulation (nod) gene transcription in Rhizobium meliloti by activating the regulatory protein NodD2, but not the homologous NodDl protein. These findings contrast with the fact that the only previously identified NodD2 activator, 4,4'-dihydroxy-2'-methoxychalcone (MCh), also activates NodDl protein. Trigonelline and stachydrine induce nod genes only at much higher concentrations than MCh, but they are released from seeds in correspondingly greater amounts. The existence of these amphoteric, nonflavonoid nod gene inducers broadens our understanding of the biochemical processes and ecological mechanisms that a legume host uses to regulate its microbial symbiont.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trigonelline and Stachydrine Released from Alfalfa Seeds Activate NodD2 Protein in Rhizobium meliloti

Phillips

Joseph²,

Maxwell³

1992

Plant Physiol.

164

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“…The biosynthesis of stachydrine starts from ornithine, which, through a series of reactions, is converted into proline, and then into N-methylproline, which is finally converted into stachydrine (Phillips 2000). Trigonelline and stachydrine are ubiquitously found in plants and are biosynthesized in response to osmotic stress (Jones et al 1986). They are found in abundance on non-germinating seeds of several species of Medicago .…”

Section: Other Nod Gene Inducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting inter-organismal chemical communication for improved inoculants

Mabood¹,

Gray²,

Lee³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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[951][952][953][954][955][956][957][958][959][960][961][962][963][964][965][966]. The combination of rising fossil fuel prices and a need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will lead to expanded use of crop inoculants (bio-fertilizers) both for increased production of biomass (for bio-fuels and soil C storage) and to reduce production of nitrous oxide, through increased reliance on biological nitrogen fixation. Over the last century inoculants have been improved through strain selection, improved carriers (including sterile carriers), and increased cell densities. During the last few decades our understanding of signalling between symbiotic bacteria and plants has expanded enormously, with the signalling between rhizobia and their legume hosts being the model system. Recent work has shown that adverse environmental conditions can inhibit this signalling and that addition of plant-to-microbe signals into inoculants can help overcome this. This is also true of addition of the microbe-to-plant signals that act as the return signals of this system; however, they have also been shown to cause a general and direct stimulation of plant growth that is not yet well understood. Finally, very recent work has shown that some of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria produce novel signal compounds that stimulate plant growth. This is a time of rapid increase in understanding with regard to plant-microbe signalling; the use of these signals in commercial inoculants offers a new wave in innovations for this industry at a time when there is great need.Key words: Inoculants, rhizobacteria, rhizobia, signalling Mabood, F., Gray, E. J., Lee, K. D., Supanjani, et Smith D. L. 2006. Exploitation de la médiation chimique entre les organismes pour créer de meilleurs inoculants. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 951-966. La hausse du prix des combustibles fossiles et la néces-sité de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre déboucheront sur une utilisation accrue des inoculants en agriculture (engrais biologiques) pour la production d'une plus grande quantité de biomasse (pour les biocarburants et le stockage du carbone dans le sol) mais aussi pour la réduction des dégagements d'oxydes nitreux par un plus grand recours à des mécanismes biologiques pour fixer l'azote dans le sol. Au cours du siècle dernier, on a raffiné les inoculants par la sélection, amélioré les excipients (y compris les substrats stériles) et accru la population de cellules. Durant les quelque dernières décennies, nos connaissances sur les signaux que s'échangent microorganismes et végétaux en symbiose se sont considérablement élargies et le système de signalisation entre les rhizobiums et les légumineuses qui sont leur hôte est devenu un modèle du genre. Des recherches récentes indiquent que des conditions environnementales difficiles peuvent nuire à l'échange de signaux et qu'on peut surmonter ce problème en ajoutant des médiateurs plante-microorganisme à l'inoculant. La même remarque s'applique à l'addition de médiateurs microorganisme-plante qui véhiculent la répons...

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“…in stressed to control plants. Trigonelline was quantified using a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer using the methods as described by Jones et al (1986). Trigonelline accumulation index, TAI, was computed as the ratio of means of trigonelline concentration in stressed to control plants.…”

Section: Seeds Of Lycopersicon Cheesmaniimentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological mechanism of tolerance of Lycopersicon spp. exposed to salt stress

Rajasekaran¹,

Aspinall²,

Paleg³

2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Rajasekaran, Lada R., Aspinall, D. and Paleg, L. G. 2000. Physiological mechanism of tolerance of Lycopersicon spp. exposed to salt stress. Can J. Plant Sci. 80: 151-157. The physiological mechanism of salt tolerance in Lycopersicon spp. was investigated. Ten Lycopersicon spp. were exposed to a gradual NaCl-induced decline in root zone water potential of -0.10 MPa d -1 for 10 d and maintained at -1.065MPa (221.4 mM NaCl) for a period of 20 d. Growth, water relations and accumulation of ions and compatible solutes, such as proline and the quaternary ammonium compound, trigonelline (methylated nicotinic acid), were studied and correlated. Salt tolerance, measured as growth, in selected Lycopersicon species of varying ecological habitats indicated that L. cheesmanii, native to a saline-coastal habitat, was the most tolerant and L. pennellii, the most sensitive. The commercial cultivar, L. esculentum 'Duke', ranked 7th in the order of relative tolerance to salt. All species accumulated proline in all organs in response to salinity; but there was no general relationship between the ability of these species to accumulate proline and their relative salt tolerance. Relative trigonelline accumulation in meristematic tissues of NaCl-stressed plants correlated with the salt tolerance of these species, however, as did their ability to (1) maintain turgor in the expanding leaves, (2) exclude Na + from the expanded leaves and (3) exclude Cl -from the root tissues.

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Estimates of Solutes Accumulating in Plants by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Cited by 50 publications

References 17 publications

Trigonelline and Stachydrine Released from Alfalfa Seeds Activate NodD2 Protein in Rhizobium meliloti

Trigonelline and Stachydrine Released from Alfalfa Seeds Activate NodD2 Protein in Rhizobium meliloti

Exploiting inter-organismal chemical communication for improved inoculants

Physiological mechanism of tolerance of Lycopersicon spp. exposed to salt stress

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