Estimates of serious fungal infection burden in Côte d’Ivoire and country health profile

Koffi, David; Bonouman, Ira V.; Touré, Abdoulaye; Kouadjo, Francis; N’Gou, M’boh Re; Sylla, Karidia; Dosso, Mireille; Denning, David W.

doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.101086

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The burden of fungal infection, both cutaneous and invasive, is high, and is well documented in many studies. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Deaths due to cryptococcal disease, which are associated with HIV infection, exceed 200 000 per year. 29,31 A study evaluating non-culture-based methods, performed with inpatients in South Africa, showed that one in ten inpatients had evidence of an invasive mycosis (including cryptococcosis, pneumocystosis, and histoplasmosis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The current state of clinical mycology in Africa: a European Confederation of Medical Mycology and International Society for Human and Animal Mycology survey

et al. 2022

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Africa, although not unique in this context, is a favourable environment for fungal infections, given the high burden of risk factors. An online survey was developed asking about laboratory infrastructure and antifungal drug availability. We received 40 responses (24•4% response rate) of 164 researchers contacted from 21 African countries. Only five institutions (12•5%) of 40 located in Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, and Uganda potentially fulfilled the minimum laboratory requirements for European Confederation of Medical Mycology Excellence Centre blue status. Difficulties included low access to susceptibility testing for both yeasts and moulds (available in only 30% of institutions) and Aspergillus spp antigen detection (available in only 47•5% of institutions as an in-house or outsourced test), as well as access to mould-active antifungal drugs such as amphotericin B deoxycholate (available for 52•5% of institutions), itraconazole (52•5%), voriconazole (35•0%), and posaconazole (5•0%). United and targeted efforts are crucial to face the growing challenges in clinical mycology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The current state of clinical mycology in Africa: a European Confederation of Medical Mycology and International Society for Human and Animal Mycology survey

et al. 2022

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“…2 Many studies conducted in African countries have reported high prevalence rates of superficial fungal infections, especially tinea capitis, among school children. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Tinea capitis is a superficial fungal infection of the scalp and one of the most common dermatophytoses in children. 10,11 It is caused by anthropophilic, zoophilic, or geophilic species of the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Nannizia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a major public health problem in school children, especially in developing countries such as Côte d'Ivoire, because of many predisposing factors that may induce this infection, including poor hygiene, overcrowding and low socio‐economic status 2 . Many studies conducted in African countries have reported high prevalence rates of superficial fungal infections, especially tinea capitis, among school children 3 – 9 . Tinea capitis is a superficial fungal infection of the scalp and one of the most common dermatophytoses in children 10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatophytosis and the associated risk factors among primary school children in southern and central Côte d'Ivoire

Fulgence,

Marie,

Akoua

et al. 2023

Mycoses

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BackgroundDermatophytosis, particularly the subtype tinea capitis, is common among African children; however, the risk factors associated with this condition are poorly understood.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the factors associated with tinea capitis and the prevalence rate of other dermatophytoses among primary school students in the rural and urban areas of the southern and central Côte d'Ivoire.Patients and MethodsThe study was carried out in seven towns of Côte d'Ivoire from October 2008 to July 2009, among 17,745 children aged 4–17 years and attending urban and rural primary schools; a complete physical examination of the skin and appendages, including nails and hair, was performed by the physicians. Direct microscopic examination using 30% potassium hydroxide solution and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar supplemented with 0.5 g/L chloramphenicol and 0.4 g/L actidione was performed during sampling.ResultsFor the 17,745 children clinically examined, 2645 exhibited symptoms suggestive of tinea capitis. Positive cultures for dermatophytes were found in 2635 patients, and the overall prevalence rate of tinea capitis was 14.8%. The following factors, age, sex, pets at home, number of bathing daily, sharing of sponges, combs and towels and hair length, were statistically associated with tinea capitis (p < .001). In addition to tinea capitis, other superficial fungal infections were identified among these children. These included tinea corporis (0.9%), tinea unguium (0.6%) and pityriasis versicolor (0.4%).ConclusionTinea capitis is common among pupils in rural southern and central Côte d'Ivoire, especially in young boys.

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“…Without population-based estimates, it is difficult to determine the exact incidence and prevalence of mucormycosis in the Indian population. The computational-model-based method estimated a prevalence of 14 cases per 100,000 individuals in India (Koffi et al 2021 ). The cumulative burden ranged between 137,807 and 208,177 cases, with a mean of 171,504 (SD: 12,365.6; 95% CI: 195,777–147,688) and mean attributable mortality at 65,500 (38.2%) deaths per year (Koffi et al 2021 ; Prakash and Chakrabarti 2019 ).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The computational-model-based method estimated a prevalence of 14 cases per 100,000 individuals in India (Koffi et al 2021 ). The cumulative burden ranged between 137,807 and 208,177 cases, with a mean of 171,504 (SD: 12,365.6; 95% CI: 195,777–147,688) and mean attributable mortality at 65,500 (38.2%) deaths per year (Koffi et al 2021 ; Prakash and Chakrabarti 2019 ). The data indicates that the estimated prevalence of mucormycosis in India is nearly 70 times higher than the global data, which were estimated to be at 0.02 to 9.5 cases (with a median of 0.2 cases) per 100,000 persons (Prakash and Chakrabarti 2019 ).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Mucormycosis: risk factors, diagnosis, treatments, and challenges during COVID-19 pandemic

Sharma

Goel

2022

Folia Microbiol

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Mucormycosis is a deadly opportunistic disease caused by a group of fungus named mucormycetes . Fungal spores are normally present in the environment and the immune system of the body prevents them from causing disease in a healthy immunocompetent individual. But when the defense mechanism of the body is compromised such as in the patients of diabetes mellites, neustropenia, organ transplantation recipients, and other immune-compromised states, these fungal spores invade our defense mechanism easily causing a severe systemic infection with approximately 45–80% of case fatality. In the present scenario, during the COVID-19 pandemic, patients are on immunosuppressive drugs, glucocorticoids, thus are at high risk of mucormycosis. Patients with diabetes mellitus are further getting a high chance of infection. Usually, the spores gain entry through our respiratory tract affecting the lungs and paranasal sinuses. Besides, they can also enter through damage into the skin or through the gastrointestinal route. This review article presents the current statistics, the causes of this infection in the human body, and its diagnosis with available recent therapies through recent databases collected from several clinics and agencies. The diagnosis and identification of the infection were made possible through various latest medical techniques such as computed tomography scans, direct microscopic observations, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, serology, molecular assay, and histopathology. Mucormycosis is so uncommon, no randomized controlled treatment studies have been conducted. The newer triazoles, posaconazole (POSA) and isavuconazole (ISAV) (the active component of the prodrug isavuconazonium sulfate) may be beneficial in patients who are refractory to or intolerant of Liposomal Amphotericin B. but due to lack of early diagnosis and aggressive surgical debridement or excision, the mortality rate remains high. In the course of COVID-19 treatments, there must be more vigilance and alertness are required from clinicians to evaluate these invasive fungal infections.

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Estimates of serious fungal infection burden in Côte d’Ivoire and country health profile

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

The current state of clinical mycology in Africa: a European Confederation of Medical Mycology and International Society for Human and Animal Mycology survey

The current state of clinical mycology in Africa: a European Confederation of Medical Mycology and International Society for Human and Animal Mycology survey

Dermatophytosis and the associated risk factors among primary school children in southern and central Côte d'Ivoire

Mucormycosis: risk factors, diagnosis, treatments, and challenges during COVID-19 pandemic

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