Estimates of radioxenon released from Southern Hemisphere medical isotope production facilities using measured air concentrations and atmospheric transport modeling

Eslinger, Paul W.; Friese, Judah I.; Lowrey, Justin D.; McIntyre, Justin I.; Miley, Harry S.; Schrom, Brian T.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.04.006

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This value is larger than the range of annual release estimates for this facility of 9.2 Â 10 12 to 3.7 Â 10 13 Bq of 133 Xe developed from sampling data collected between August 30, 2009 and January 31, 2012 at three IMS stations (Eslinger et al, 2014). Unfortunately, production data from previous years are not available, thus the 2013 release estimate cannot be directly compared with the release estimates for prior years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…A number of studies of the release and transport of radioxenon from nuclear explosions, nuclear power plants, and medical isotope production facilities have been published in the last decade Eslinger et al, 2014;Hoffman et al, 2009;Kalinowski et al, 2008;Saey et al, 2010;Wotawa et al, 2010Wotawa et al, , 2003. These studies confirm that fission-based production of 99 Mo for medical purposes contributes measurable quantities of radioxenon to worldwide background levels.…”

Section: Mo Productionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Source term estimates of radioxenon released from the BaTek medical isotope production facility using external measured air concentrations

Eslinger

Cameron

Dumais

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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BATAN Teknologi (BaTek) operates an isotope production facility in Serpong, Indonesia that supplies (99m)Tc for use in medical procedures. Atmospheric releases of (133)Xe in the production process at BaTek are known to influence the measurements taken at the closest stations of the radionuclide network of the International Monitoring System (IMS). The purpose of the IMS is to detect evidence of nuclear explosions, including atmospheric releases of radionuclides. The major xenon isotopes released from BaTek are also produced in a nuclear explosion, but the isotopic ratios are different. Knowledge of the magnitude of releases from the isotope production facility helps inform analysts trying to decide if a specific measurement result could have originated from a nuclear explosion. A stack monitor deployed at BaTek in 2013 measured releases to the atmosphere for several isotopes. The facility operates on a weekly cycle, and the stack data for June 15-21, 2013 show a release of 1.84 × 10(13) Bq of (133)Xe. Concentrations of (133)Xe in the air are available at the same time from a xenon sampler located 14 km from BaTek. An optimization process using atmospheric transport modeling and the sampler air concentrations produced a release estimate of 1.88 × 10(13) Bq. The same optimization process yielded a release estimate of 1.70 × 10(13) Bq for a different week in 2012. The stack release value and the two optimized estimates are all within 10% of each other. Unpublished production data and the release estimate from June 2013 yield a rough annual release estimate of 8 × 10(14) Bq of (133)Xe in 2014. These multiple lines of evidence cross-validate the stack release estimates and the release estimates based on atmospheric samplers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Mo Productionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Source term estimates of radioxenon released from the BaTek medical isotope production facility using external measured air concentrations

Eslinger

Cameron

Dumais

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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“…(11). Then the ratio of 80.9971 keV relative to 364.5 keV in the spectrum of the HPGe detector could be calculated using Eq.…”

Section: Spectrum Correction Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the existing methods used in the event of a nuclear accident, detecting and measuring radioactive nuclides in the environment using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is reliable and efficient. Canada, Finland and Israel developed radioactivity monitoring equipment installed on UAVs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. However, these devices significantly differ in radiation detection accuracy; thus, further research is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum correction algorithm for detectors in airborne radioactivity monitoring equipment NH-UAV based on a ratio processing method

Cao

Tang

Wang

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…In this situation, (x s ,y s ,z s ) represents the spatial location of the source (longitude, latitude, elevation), q s is the strength of the source (mass/time) and (t on ,t off ) is the start and stop times of the release. A number of techniques can be used to choose the best h given one or more sample values at one or more detectors [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-detection events, probability density functions, and reduced location area

Eslinger

Schrom

2015

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Several efforts have been made in the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) community to assess the benefits of combining detections of radionuclides to improve the location estimates available from atmospheric transport modeling (ATM) backtrack calculations. We present a Bayesian estimation approach rather than a simple dilution field of regard approach to allow xenon detections and non-detections to be combined mathematically. This system represents one possible probabilistic approach to radionuclide event formation. Application of this method to a recent interesting radionuclide event shows a substantial reduction in the location uncertainty of that event.

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Estimates of radioxenon released from Southern Hemisphere medical isotope production facilities using measured air concentrations and atmospheric transport modeling

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Source term estimates of radioxenon released from the BaTek medical isotope production facility using external measured air concentrations

Source term estimates of radioxenon released from the BaTek medical isotope production facility using external measured air concentrations

Spectrum correction algorithm for detectors in airborne radioactivity monitoring equipment NH-UAV based on a ratio processing method

Multi-detection events, probability density functions, and reduced location area

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