Estimates of meteoroid kinetic energies from observations of infrasonic airwaves

Evidence for a meteoritic origin of the September 15, 2007, Carancas crater

“…Edwards et al (2006) had to distinguish between small and large bolides to find their regression fits. Assuming that the energy released by each fragmentation is lower than 7 kt (which is highly probable according to the previous calculations), the constants are: a = 3.36 ± 0.60, b = −1.74 ± 0.24 and k = −0.0177 s/m.…”

Acoustic analysis of shock production by very high-altitude meteors—I: infrasonic observations, dynamics and luminosity

“…Evers and Haak, 2001;Edwards et al, 2006). All data were processed using the analysis package MatSeis 1.7 (Harris and Young, 1997) (available from http://www.nemre.nnsa.doe.gov/cgi-bin/prod/ nemre/matseis.cgi).…”

Modified ray-mode (phase) theory: Understanding counter-wind propagation effects from atmospheric explosions

“…Results of previous investigators, such as Edwards et al (2006), have shown that for down-wind locations, observed signals are consistently larger in amplitude, have longer durations and contain more high-frequency components than do signals for the corresponding up-wind locations from the same source. The observed lack of high frequencies for upwind locations strongly suggests the presence of diffractive effects as will be later demonstrated in our predictive results.…”

“…This full-wave propagation code is a hallmark accomplishment of atmospheric acousticgravity wave theory as originally developed by Pierce (1967) and by Pierce and Kinney (1976). In addition, detailed empirical amplitude analyses have also been constructed from additional low-altitude sources such as meteor fireballs or large bolides (Edwards et al, 2006), which also demonstrate weak signal detections for counter-wind conditions as well as for the more common, down-wind and cross-wind type situations.…”