Estimates of carbon monoxide emissions from wildfires in northern Eurasia for airquality assessment and climate modeling

Vivchar, A. V.; Moiseenko, K. B.; Pankratova, Natalia

doi:10.1134/s0001433810030023

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In the present study, we provide estimates of the emission ratios (ERs) which may be converted, when necessary, into emission factors (EFs) using either the carbon mass balance method (Ward et al, 1991;Laursen et al, 1992) or linear correlations between ERs and EFs (Friedli et al, 2001). Such a conversion, however, introduces additional uncertainties, so we focus on the estimates of ERs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission ratios of trace gases and particles for Siberian forest fires on the basis of mobile ground observations

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Boreal forest fires are currently recognized as a significant factor in climate change and air quality problems. Although emissions of biomass burning products are widely measured in many regions, there is still lack of information on the composition of wildfire emissions in Siberia, a region known for its severe wildfire activity. Emission ratios (ERs) are important characteristics of wildfire emissions as they may be used to calculate the mass of species emitted into the atmosphere due to combustion of a known mass of biomass fuel. We analyze observations of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ), total nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), nitrogen oxides NO x (= NO + NO 2 ), particulate matter (PM 3 ), and black carbon (BC) within two forest fire plume transects made by the moving railway observatory during TRanscontinental Observations Into the Chemistry of the Atmosphere (TROICA) expeditions. Slopes in linear regressions of excess levels of the pollutants are used to obtain ER CO / CO 2 = 10-15 %, ER CH 4 / CO = 8-10 %, ER NMHC / CO = 0.11-0.21 % ppmC ppmC −1 , ER NO x / CO = 1.5-3.0 ppb ppm −1 , ER PM 3 / CO = 320-385 ng m −3 µg m −3 −1 , and ER BC / CO = 6.1-6.3 µg m −3 ppm −1 , which fall within the range of uncertainty of the previous estimates, being at the higher edge for ER CH 4 / CO , ER NMHC / CO , and ER PM 3 / CO and at the lower edge for ER NO x / CO . The relative uncertainties comprise 5-15 % of the estimated ER CH 4 / CO , ER NMHC / CO , and ER PM / CO and 10-20 % of ER NO x / CO , ER CO / CO 2 , and ER BC / CO . The uncertainties are lower than in many other similar studies and associated mainly with natural variability of wildfire emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission ratios of trace gases and particles for Siberian forest fires on the basis of mobile ground observations

et al. 2017

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“…For example, large boreal forest fires in Russia from 2002 to 2003 were responsible for global growth rates of many trace gases including carbon dioxide and methane (Kasischke et al, 2005;Yurganov et al, 2005;, but also to contribute to climate change (Damoah et al, 2004;Vivchar et al, 2010;Tilmes et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne hydrogen cyanide measurements using a chemical ionisation mass spectrometer for the plume identification of biomass burning forest fires

et al. 2013

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A chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (CIMS) was developed for measuring hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from biomass burning events in Canada using I⁻ reagent ions on board the FAAM BAe-146 research aircraft during the BORTAS campaign in 2011. The ionisation scheme enabled highly sensitive measurements at 1 Hz frequency through biomass burning plumes in the troposphere.

A strong correlation between the HCN, carbon monoxide (CO) and acetonitrile (CH₃CN) was observed, indicating the potential of HCN as a biomass burning (BB) marker. A plume was defined as being 6 standard deviations above background for the flights. This method was compared with a number of alternative plume-defining techniques employing CO and CH₃CN measurements. The 6-sigma technique produced the highest R² values for correlations with CO. A normalised excess mixing ratio (NEMR) of 3.68 ± 0.149 pptv ppbv⁻¹ was calculated, which is within the range quoted in previous research (Hornbrook et al., 2011). The global tropospheric model STOCHEM-CRI incorporated both the observed ratio and extreme ratios derived from other studies to generate global emission totals of HCN via biomass burning. Using the ratio derived from this work, the emission total for HCN from BB was 0.92 Tg (N) yr⁻¹

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“…In reality, the intensity of emissions during biomass burning is determined by a wider set off actors and can vary in the course of the fire risk season [51]. For example, the completeness of combustion is determined by the moisture content in combustible vegetation, which, in turn, depends on meteorological conditions (air temperature and precipitation) and seasonal factors (the time of snow cover thawing and moistening regime) in a given region [51,52]. Comparison of burned area or hotspot products often reveals factor of ten or larger disagreements [53].…”

Section: Estimates Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of Wildfire Emissions in Boreal Forests of China

Bao

2016

Forests

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Wildfire emissions in the boreal forests yield an important contribution to the chemical budget of the troposphere. To assess the contribution of wildfire to the emissions of atmospheric trace species in the Great Xing'an Mountains (GXM), which is also the most severe fire-prone boreal forest region in China, we estimated various wildfire activities by combining explicit spatio-temporal remote sensing data with fire-induced emission models. We observed 9998 fire scars with 46,096 km 2 in the GXM between the years 1986 and 2010. The years 1987 and 2003 contributed 33.2% and 22.9%, respectively, in burned area during the 25 years. Fire activity is the strongest in May. Most large fires occurred in the north region of the GXM between 50˝N and 54˝N latitude due to much drier weather and higher fire danger in the northern region than in the southern region of the study domain. Evergreen and deciduous needleleaf forest and deciduous broadleaf forest are the main sources of emissions, accounting for 84%, 81%, 84%, 87%, 89%, 86%, 85% and 74% of the total annual CO 2 , CH 4 , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , BC and NO x emissions, respectively. Wildfire emissions from shrub, grassland and cropland only account for a small fraction of the total emissions level (approximately 4%-11%). Comparisons of our results with other published estimates of wildfire emissions show reasonable agreement.

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Estimates of carbon monoxide emissions from wildfires in northern Eurasia for airquality assessment and climate modeling

Cited by 32 publications

References 62 publications

Emission ratios of trace gases and particles for Siberian forest fires on the basis of mobile ground observations

Emission ratios of trace gases and particles for Siberian forest fires on the basis of mobile ground observations

Airborne hydrogen cyanide measurements using a chemical ionisation mass spectrometer for the plume identification of biomass burning forest fires

Estimates of Wildfire Emissions in Boreal Forests of China

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