Estimates of Agrilus planipennis Infestation Rates and Potential Survival of Ash

Marshall, Jordan M.; Smith, Eric L.; Mech, Roger; Storer, Andrew J.

doi:10.1674/0003-0031-169.1.179

Cited by 36 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This suggests that how plots are evaluated can influence subsequent results. There were more bark splits on F. nigra than F. pennsylvanica, which is consistent with prior studies reporting that eggs laid on Fraxinus with rougher bark had higher survival than those on smoother bark (Marshall et al 2013). Smith et al (2015) also found that symptoms of A. planipennis tend to increase more rapidly on F. nigra.…”

Section: Signs Symptoms and The Development Of A Planipennissupporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of tree mortality and parasitoid recoveries on the contiguous western invasion front of emerald ash borer

Johnson

Lelito²,

Pfammatter

et al. 2016

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 A recent invader to North America, emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Buprestidae), is expanding its western range into new habitats. We examined how site factors affect the emergence and damage caused by this beetle on the western edge of its contiguous population in eastern Wisconsin, U.S.A. We characterized forest structure and quantified signs and symptoms of A. planipennis from 2010 to 2013. 2 We evaluated the potential for establishment of three host-specific parasitic Hymenoptera, released as biological control agents of A. planipennis. During June to September 2011, we conducted releases of 1500 Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Encyrtidae), 1900 Spathius agrili Yang (Braconidae) and 2700 Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Eulophidae) at the same location. 3 Signs and symptoms of A. planipennis increased in abundance during the present study. Emergence of A. planipennis was greater in larger diameter trees and in subplots with more ash trees. More epicormic shoots were on the upper halves of trees in subplots with a higher percentage of ash. Fraxinus nigra exhibited a higher incidence of ruptured bark than Fraxinus pennsylvanica. 4 In January 2013, we felled four infested ash trees and censused insect emergence from the entire trees. We recovered 441 A. planipennis, 41 T. planipennisi and no other released parasitoids. 5 These results suggest that, of these three parasitoids, T. planipennisi has the highest likelihood of contributing to biological control in Wisconsin, although ash mortality will proceed rapidly and likely supersede the effects of the parasitoids. The best opportunity for introduced parasitoids to benefit Wisconsin may arise in post-outbreak, recovering forests.

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Section: Signs Symptoms and The Development Of A Planipennissupporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of tree mortality and parasitoid recoveries on the contiguous western invasion front of emerald ash borer

Johnson

Lelito²,

Pfammatter

et al. 2016

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…Bark texture may also be an important host cue. Other wood-boring insects that lay eggs on bark often prefer rough, or cracked bark over smooth bark [51, 52], presumably because bark fissures provide protection from natural enemies and environmental extremes, or provide a tight spot in which newly hatched larvae can attain leverage to chew and burrow into the bark. Sirex noctilio females have a different oviposition strategy, and drill past the bark to lay eggs directly in the sapwood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of eastern pines for oviposition and survival of Sirex noctilio F.

2017

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The European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F., is a pest of pines in many areas around the world. Since its introduction to North America, the distribution of S. noctilio overlaps with a known host (Pinus sylvestris) and hosts native to North America. Direct comparisons of suitability for oviposition and larval survival among these pines have not been made. We tested the relative suitability of four common pine species in northeastern North America (P. sylvestris, P. resinosa, P. banksiana, and P. strobus) as hosts for S. noctilio in a controlled, but in situ experiment. In a mixed pine forest in northern Ontario, we caged S. noctilio mating pairs on 10 freshly cut pine logs of each species, and estimated oviposition, counted adult S. noctilio (F1 generation) that emerged from logs, and calculated survivorship from egg to adult. Pinus sylvestris and P. resinosa were optimal hosts according to all three metrics of S. noctilio performance. Pinus strobus was a suitable larval host, but was not perceived as such by females, as evidenced by lower oviposition. Pinus banksiana was perceived as a suitable host by females, but was the least suitable larval host. Our results suggest that P. sylvestris and P. resinosa are more suitable hosts, at least in cut logs, than P. strobus and P. banksiana for S. noctilio in eastern North America.

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“…Black ash, Fraxinus nigra Marsh., blue ash, F. quadrangulata Michx., green ash, F. pennsylvanica Marsh., and white ash, F. americana L. have been colonized naturally by this insect in eastern North America [1][2][3], and tens of millions of ash trees have died from infestation [4][5][6]. The loss of ash could detrimentally affect native arthropods [7] and ecosystem functions [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modest Effects of Host on the Cold Hardiness of Emerald Ash Borer †

Christianson

Venette

2018

Forests

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Abstract:The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is invading North America and Europe but has not yet reached its ultimate distribution. Geographic differences in host availability and winter temperatures might affect where this species will occur. In central North America, black ash (Fraxinus nigra) is more abundant than green ash (F. pennsylvanica) at northern latitudes, but much of our current understanding of A. planipennis cold tolerance is based on observations of overwintering larvae from green ash. The effects of black and green ash on the cold hardiness of A. planipennis larvae were measured over three winters. Supercooling point, the temperature at which insect bodily fluids spontaneously begin to freeze, was marginally greater for larvae from artificially-infested black ash than green ash in one trial, but not in three others. Host species also did not consistently affect mortality rates after larval exposure to subzero temperatures, but larvae from black ash were less cold hardy than larvae from green ash when there were differences. Comparisons of mortality rates among chilled (unfrozen) and frozen larvae indicated that overwintering A. planipennis larvae are primarily freeze avoidant, and this cold tolerance strategy is unaffected by host. All of our studies suggest that A. planipennis larvae from black ash are not more cold hardy that larvae from green ash. Where temperatures annually decline below~−30 • C, overwintering morality may substantially affect the population dynamics and future impacts from this invasive alien species.

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Estimates of Agrilus planipennis Infestation Rates and Potential Survival of Ash

Cited by 36 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of tree mortality and parasitoid recoveries on the contiguous western invasion front of emerald ash borer

Evaluation of tree mortality and parasitoid recoveries on the contiguous western invasion front of emerald ash borer

Suitability of eastern pines for oviposition and survival of Sirex noctilio F.

Modest Effects of Host on the Cold Hardiness of Emerald Ash Borer †

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