Estimated use of water in the United States in 1995

Solley, Wayne B.; Pierce, Robert R.; Perlman, Howard A.

doi:10.3133/cir1200

Cited by 374 publications

(337 citation statements)

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“…Private wells were used at 60% of the current residences, public supplies at 44%, and bottled water at 13% (the number of drinking water supplies exceeds the number of homes because some residences had more than one type of supply) ( Table 1). The prevalence of private well use in current homes ( 60% ) was higher than the 40% prevalence reported for New England ( Solley et al, 1998) because subjects were eligible for the methodologic study only if they had ever used a private well as a drinking water source.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In addition, private wells are not subject to Federal drinking water standards. Over 40% of the population in northern New England uses private wells as the primary drinking water source, which is a greater proportion than in any other region in the U.S. (Solley et al, 1998 ). Although the prevalence of exposure to elevated arsenic levels in drinking water appears to be relatively high in parts of New England, the arsenic concentrations are lower than those associated with bladder cancer in other countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sampling private wells at past homes to estimate arsenic exposure: A methodologic study in New England

Colt

Baris

Clark

et al. 2002

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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We are conducting a collaborative, population -based case -control study in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont to investigate the reasons for the elevated bladder cancer mortality in northern New England. Arsenic in drinking water is one of the primary exposures under investigation. To estimate subjects' lifetime exposure to waterborne arsenic, it will be necessary to obtain water samples from private wells that subjects used in the past. We conducted a methodologic study to assess the feasibility of locating and sampling from private wells at subjects' past residences. Ninety -eight New Hampshire residents ( mean age 67 years ) completed a questionnaire requesting the complete address, dates of occupancy, and drinking water sources for each home lived in since birth. An interviewer then asked subjects for more detailed information about each home to assist in a field search of past homes in the three -state study area of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. Fifty -eight of the 98 subjects indicated that they had used a total of 103 private wells in 95 previous homes located in these three states. We conducted a field search to locate these 95 homes, visited town offices to find the properties on tax maps and obtain the current owners' names and addresses, attempted to obtain permission from the current owners to sample the wells, and collected water samples. In all, 48 ( 47% ) of the 103 past wells in the study area were sampled successfully. The remaining wells were not sampled because the homes were not located ( 22% ) or had been demolished ( 2% ), permission to sample the wells was not obtained ( 17% ), the wells had been destroyed ( 7% ) or could not be found on the grounds of the residence ( 3% ), or for other reasons ( 2% ). Various approaches for improving the success rates for sampling water from private wells are discussed, as is the use of predictive modeling to impute exposures when sampling is not feasible.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling private wells at past homes to estimate arsenic exposure: A methodologic study in New England

Colt

Baris

Clark

et al. 2002

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Groundwater is the principal source of drinking water for about 50% of the population in the Unites States (Solley et al, 1998). The availability of groundwater varies and fluctuates widely due to short-term and longterm changes in climate, withdrawal and land use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Groundwater Level Using Fourier Series Integrated With Least Square Estimation Method

Jha¹

2014

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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Groundwater level data is an important indicator of the availability and distribution of groundwater resources of the region. However, it is difficult to understand the continuous and discrete fluctuations of the groundwater level which is controlled by various factors. This study demonstrated the use of Fourier series integrated with the least square estimation method to predict the groundwater level especially in the case of seasonal-sensitive groundwater fluctuations. It was observed that the designed method was able to model the groundwater-table data, collected at the Hagan Stone Park station in Greensboro, North Carolina, with a fair degree of accuracy with a testing mean square error of 0.0735.

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“…Water withdrawals for thermoelectric power plant cooling accounted for 49% of all water withdrawals in the United States in 2005, compared to 31% for agricultural uses and 11% for public supply (Kenny et al 2009). 229 Focusing on water consumption, the U.S. electric sector constituted just 3% of the national total in 1995 (the last year the U.S. Geological Survey collected data on water consumption), compared to more than 75% for the agricultural sector and 12% for public supply 230 (Solley et al 1998). Water resource concerns are often local and regional in character, however, and even thermoelectric water consumption has been cause for concern in certain areas (Roy et al 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering freshwater only, Kenny et al (2009) report values as 41% for thermoelectric, 40% for agriculture and livestock, 14% for public supply, and 5% for industry and mining. 230 Freshwater only values from Solley et al (1998) are 85% for agriculture and livestock, 8% for public supply, 4% for industry and mining, and 3% for thermoelectric.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Electricity Futures Study. Volume 1: Exploration of High-Penetration Renewable Electricity Futures

Mai¹,

Wiser²,

Sandor³

et al. 2012

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Volume 1 of 4NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Volume 2 PDF Volume 3 PDF Volume 1 PDF Volume 4 PDF Renewable Electricity Futures Study Edited ByHand, M.M. National Renewable Energy LaboratoryBaldwin, S. U.S. Department of EnergyDeMeo, E. Renewable EnergyConsulting Services, Inc.Reilly, J.M. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMai, T. National Renewable Energy LaboratoryArent, D. Joint Institute for Strategic Energy AnalysisPorro, G. National Renewable Energy LaboratoryMeshek, M. National Renewable Energy LaboratorySandor, D. Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 10% post consumer waste. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Suggested Citations Renewable Electricity Futures Study Volume 1: Exploration of High-Penetration Renewable Electricity Futures iii PerspectiveThe Renewable Electricity Futures Study (RE Futures) provides an analysis of the grid integration opportunities, challenges, and implications of high levels of renewable electricity generation for the U.S. electric system. The study is not a market or policy assessment. Rather, RE Futures examines renewable energy resources and many technical issues related to the operability of the U.S. electricity grid, and provides initial answers to important questions about the integration of high penetrations of renewable electricity technologies from a national perspective. RE Futures results indicate that a future U.S. electricity system that is largely powered by renewable sources is possible and that further work is warranted to investigate this clean generation pathway. The central conclusion of the analysis is that renewable electricity generation from technologies that are commercially available today, in combination with a more flexible electric system, is more than adequate to supply 80% of total U.S. electricity generation in 2050 while meeting electricity demand on an hourly basis in every region of the United States.The renewable technologies explored in this study are components of a diverse set of clean energy solutions that also includes nuclear, efficient natural gas, clean coal, and energy efficiency. Understanding all of these technology pathways and their potential contributions to the future U.S. electric power system can inform the development of integrated portfolio scenarios. RE Futures focuses on the extent to which U.S. electricity needs can be supplied by renewable energy sources, including biomass, geothermal, hydropower, solar, and wind.The study explores grid integration issues using models with unprecedented geographic and time resolution for the contiguous United States. The analysis (1) assesses a variety of scenarios with prescribed levels of renewable electricity generation in 2050, from 30% to 90%, with a focus on 80% (with nearly 50% from variable wind and solar photovoltaic generation); (2) identifies the characteristics of a U.S. electricity system that would be needed...

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Estimated use of water in the United States in 1995

Cited by 374 publications

References 2 publications

Sampling private wells at past homes to estimate arsenic exposure: A methodologic study in New England

Sampling private wells at past homes to estimate arsenic exposure: A methodologic study in New England

Predicting Groundwater Level Using Fourier Series Integrated With Least Square Estimation Method

Renewable Electricity Futures Study. Volume 1: Exploration of High-Penetration Renewable Electricity Futures

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