Estimated Seepage Losses from Established Swine Waste Lagoons in the Lower Coastal Plain of North Carolina

Huffman, Raegan L.; Westerman, P. W.

doi:10.13031/2013.27852

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The recent conversion of agricultural lands to spray fields fertilized with liquid lagoonal swine waste in the southeastern US represents a significant regional land-use change that may be influencing regional N-cycling dynamics. Concurrent with the recent proliferation of swine-producing CAFOs in the South are reports of accelerated N loading and attendant eutrophication in inland and coastal waterways (Paerl et al 1995;Burkholder et al 1997;Paerl et al 1998;Pinckney et al 1998;Cahoon et al 1999;Qian et al 2000;Karr et al 2001), increased atmospheric N deposition (Paerl and Whitall 1999;Walker et al 2000) and localized N contamination of subsurface or groundwaters (Evans et al 1984;Huffman and Westerman 1995;Mikkelsen 1995;Sloan et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates and controls on denitrification in an agricultural soil fertilized with liquid lagoonal swine waste

Fischer

Whalen

2005

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Under laboratory conditions, we studied rates and controls on denitrification and denitrification potential (denitrifying enzyme activity, DEA) in agricultural soils in the southeastern United States that had been repeatedly fertilized with liquid lagoonal swine effluent. This is a waste management practice commonly employed by large-scale swine production facilities that have proliferated regionally in the past 10 years. The microbial community was rapidly responsive to the added waste, as denitrification N flux (N 2 + N 2 O) from intact soil cores increased from about 200 to as high as 2850 lg N m À2 h À1 , usually within 1 day of application. Elevated rates of denitrification were short-lived ( £ 3 days), as the combination of coarse soil texture (rapid drainage) and low mineralization potential (low organic content) of the waste rapidly restored aerobic conditions. Although <2% of the fertilizer-N was lost to denitrification by the time rates had returned to pre-fertilization values after 8-12 days, soil NO 3 À -N levels increased from £ 5 lg N g dw soil À1 to as high as 43 lg N g dw soil À1 , providing not only substrate for additional denitrification following rainfall, but also a mobile N source for both offsite transport by surface and groundwater and assimilation by plants. Both N 2 O and N 2 production from denitrification were unresponsive to changes in soil moisture until field capacity was approached or exceeded. Temperature coefficients (Q 10 ) for DEA varied from 1.6 to 2.8 between 7 and 30°C, depending on the temperature interval, while high DEA between 20 and 40°C pointed to a denitrifying community well-adapted to regional summer soil temperatures. Glucose-C or NO 3 À -N amendments proved equally stimulatory to DEA in homogenized soils relative to water-only controls. However, addition of the combined substrates gave the best response, indicating that these chemical factors were equally important controls on potential denitrification in these soils once anaerobic conditions had become established.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates and controls on denitrification in an agricultural soil fertilized with liquid lagoonal swine waste

Fischer

Whalen

2005

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…In addition, community members who live close to the operations may have adverse health effects such as irritation to their eyes, noses, and throats (8,9,15); decline in quality of life (9); and possible mental health disorders (15,16). There are also water quality problems associated with leakage from the lagoons (17)(18)(19) and runoff from the sprayfields (7) that can contaminate surface and groundwater.…”

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Environmental injustice and the Mississippi hog industry.

Wilson

Howell

Wing

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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Environmental JusticeThe recent growth and restructuring of the swine industry in the state of Mississippi has raised various environmental and socioeconomic concerns. We spatially examined the location and attributes of 67 industrial hog operations to determine if African American and low-income communities have a high prevalence of industrial hog operations located near their neighborhoods at the census block group level. We used spatial data and cross-classification analysis to compare the prevalence of industrial hog operations in neighborhoods that are primarily African American and low income with the prevalence in neighborhoods that are African American and affluent. We also used logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between the environmental justice vari-

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“…Confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) produce concentrated wastes that include numerous pathogens, antibiotic and hormone residues, and nutrients (1)(2)(3)(4). Many CAFOs in the United States use liquid waste management systems that flush fecal waste into open pits, euphemistically called "lagoons," and spray the liquid component on fields.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although seepage from waste pits and spray areas may contaminate ground water over long periods of time (2), most CAFOs are classified and permitted as nondischarge facilities under the assumption that all waste is contained onsite. Heavy rain events that occur periodically in the southeastern United States, a region affected by large tropical storms as well as localized thunderstorms, may prevent retention of all wastes onsite.…”

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The potential impact of flooding on confined animal feeding operations in eastern North Carolina.

Wing

Freedman

Band

2002

Environ Health Perspect

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Thousands of confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have been constructed in eastern North Carolina. The fecal waste pit and spray field waste management systems used by these operations are susceptible to flooding in this low-lying region. To investigate the potential that flood events can lead to environmental dispersion of animal wastes containing numerous biologic and chemical hazards, we compared the geographic coordinates of 2,287 CAFOs permitted by the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ) with estimates of flooding derived from digital satellite images of eastern North Carolina taken approximately 1 week after Hurricane Floyd dropped as much as 15-20 inches of rain in September 1999. Three cattle, one poultry, and 237 swine operations had geographic coordinates within the satellite-based flooded area. DWQ confirmed 46 operations with breached or flooded fecal waste pits in the same area. Only 20 of these 46 CAFOs were within the satellite-based estimate of the inundated area. CAFOs within the satellite-based flood area were located in 132 census block groups with a population of 171,498 persons in the 2000 census. African Americans were more likely than whites to live in areas with flooded CAFOs according to satellite estimates, but not according to DWQ reports. These areas have high poverty rates and dependence on wells for drinking water. Our analysis suggests that flood events have a significant potential to degrade environmental health because of dispersion of wastes from industrial animal operations in areas with vulnerable populations.

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Estimated Seepage Losses from Established Swine Waste Lagoons in the Lower Coastal Plain of North Carolina

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Rates and controls on denitrification in an agricultural soil fertilized with liquid lagoonal swine waste

Rates and controls on denitrification in an agricultural soil fertilized with liquid lagoonal swine waste

Environmental injustice and the Mississippi hog industry.

The potential impact of flooding on confined animal feeding operations in eastern North Carolina.

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