Estimated prevalence of disability and developmental delay among preschool children in rural Malawi: Findings from “Tikule Limodzi,” a cross‐sectional survey

Murphy, Rachel A.; Jolley, Emma; Lynch, Paul; Mankhwazi, Mika; Mbukwa, Jenipher; Bechange, Stevens; Gladstone, Melissa; Schmidt, Elena

doi:10.1111/cch.12741

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…And children living in slums are at high health risk exposure [ 43 – 45 ], this might lead to consequences such as delayed development. Similarly, it was found to be higher than prevalence in rural community of Rwanda (52.6%) [ 46 ], Ghana (44.6%) [ 47 ], China (35.7%) [ 7 ], India (16.2%) [ 48 ] and Malawi (11.7%) [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental delay and its associated factors among children under five years in urban slums of Nepal

et al. 2022

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Introduction Children from low-resource settings are more likely to encounter those factors that adversely influence their ability to acquire developmental potential. This study was conducted to assess the developmental status and its associated factors among children under five years of slum areas of Butwal Sub Metropolitan City, Rupandehi, Nepal. Methods and findings We conducted a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study using Developmental Milestone Chart (DMC) among 165 children under five years. Ethical approval was obtained from Ethical Review Board of Nepal Health Research Council. R software was used for data analysis. The association between developmental status and associated factors were examined with Chi-square and followed by logistic regression. Notably, more than half of the children (56.4%) had delayed development across two or more domains of gross motor, fine motor, language/ speech, and social development. Age, sex, socio-economic status, availability of learning materials, the occurrence of infectious diseases, and height-for-age of children were found to be significantly associated with the developmental status of children under study (p<0.05). Conclusions More than half of the children taken under the study had delayed development on different four domains. Findings from the study suggest that there should be similar studies conducted among children living in slum-like conditions. Additionally, programs should be designed as such which aims to mitigate the effect of socio-economic status on child development and has learning and nutritional aspects embedded central to its deliverance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental delay and its associated factors among children under five years in urban slums of Nepal

et al. 2022

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“…If excluding participants to receive the CARE booklet after first screening is a recruitment bias, it is an opportunity for methodological improvement since several barriers to the identification of developmental delay using tools adapted for LMIC have recently been reported ( Faruk et al, 2020 ). Indeed, other screening studies include samples that did not share comparable sociodemographic characteristics to our participants, such as lower socioeconomic status ( Murphy et al, 2020 ). According to the expressed aims of the current study, next discussions comprehend the specific results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agreement and Reliability of Parental Reports and Direct Screening of Developmental Outcomes in Toddlers at Risk

Giraldo-Huertas

Schafer

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Developmental screening is a practice that directly benefits vulnerable and low-income families and children when it is regular and frequently applied. A developmental screening tool administered by parents called CARE is tested. CARE contains a compilation of activities to report and enhance development at home. Hundred and fifty-seven families in Bogotá (Colombia) initially responded to a call to participate in developmental screening tools’ validation and reliability study. All children (Average: 42.7 months old; SD: 9.4; Min: 24, Max: 58) were screened directly by trained applicants using a Spanish version of the Denver Developmental Screening test [i.e., the Haizea-Llevant (HLL) screening table]. After a first screening, 61 dyads were positive for follow-up and received a second HLL screening. Fifty-two out of 61 dyads use and returned CARE booklet after 1-month screening at home. The comparative analysis for parent reports using CARE and direct screening observation included (a) the effects of demographic variables on overall and agreement, (b) agreement and congruence between the CARE report classification and direct screening classification (“At risk” or “Not at risk”), (c) receiver operating characteristic analysis, (d) item-Level agreement for specific developmental domains, and (e) acceptability and feasibility analysis. Results and conclusions show the parental report using the CARE booklet as a reliable screening tool that has the potential to activate alerts for an early cognitive delay that reassure clinicians and families to further specialized and controlled developmental evaluations and act as a screen for the presence of such delay in four developmental dimensions.

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“…The observed higher sex ratios among DD in current study might due to generic factors, gender‐preference, interaction between gender‐preference* DD screening and treatment resource, interaction between gender‐preference and economic status, etc. (Chen et al, 2020; Glascoe, 2000; Jacquemont et al, 2014; Lai et al, 2011; Murphy et al, 2020; Sung, 2004). In Taiwan, some parents may select to keep boys (care more about boys) than girls with DD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of developmental delay among children: A national study based on administrative database of the single‐payer National Health Insurance System in Taiwan

Lee

2021

Child

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Background: Developmental delay (DD) indicates a failure to meet the developmental milestones of most children of the same age. Studies based solely on the ICD coding manual may underestimate the prevalence of DD. Real-world use of rehabilitation data may be useful in the identification of more DD children previously undiagnosed with DD. Aim: The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of DD among children aged 0-6 by age and sex in Taiwan based on modified ICD codes. Methods: A list of ICD codes specific to DD (including delays and disabilities requiring early intervention) was generated from the existing ICD codebook and modified based on National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data pertaining to developmental rehabilitation of children aged 0-6. The validity of the codes was subsequently assessed by DD experts in various fields using the consensus development technique. The resulting list was used to estimate the prevalence of DD among children in Taiwan from 2000 to 2015 based on analysis of longitudinal NHI data.Result: Between 2000 and 2015, the prevalence of DD among children aged 0 to 6 years increased from 2.0% to 5.7%, and the sex ratio was 181-197 males per 100 females. The prevalence estimate obtained in this study (5.6%) was 229% higher than existing government statistics (1.6%) published in 2014. Conclusions:The codes developed using claims data in this study can be used to estimate the prevalence of DD among children and evaluate the effectiveness of intervention programmes. Consistent increases in the prevalence of DD indicate that efforts to promote early intervention have been effective. Nonetheless, the low prevalence rate among 0-2 years children with developmental delay and low prevalence rate of female CWDD means that the policy should notice the lack of access to healthcare services for infants and female children and produce a more equitable or fair distribution of healthcare resources.

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Estimated prevalence of disability and developmental delay among preschool children in rural Malawi: Findings from “Tikule Limodzi,” a cross‐sectional survey

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Developmental delay and its associated factors among children under five years in urban slums of Nepal

Developmental delay and its associated factors among children under five years in urban slums of Nepal

Agreement and Reliability of Parental Reports and Direct Screening of Developmental Outcomes in Toddlers at Risk

Prevalence of developmental delay among children: A national study based on administrative database of the single‐payer National Health Insurance System in Taiwan

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