Estimated Numbers of Community Cases of Illness Due to <i>Salmonella, Campylobacter</i> and Verotoxigenic <i>Escherichia Coli</i>: Pathogen‐Specific Community Rates

Thomas, M. Kate; Majowicz, Shannon E.; Sockett, Paul; Fazil, Aamir; Pollari, Frank; Doré, Kathryn; Flint, James; Edge, Victoria L.

doi:10.1155/2006/806874

Cited by 91 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Other authors have previously reported similar studies to reconstruct the surveillance pyramid for specific pathogens or for gastrointestinal illness in general [1,9,[11][12][13]33]. The current study is more comprehensive than previous studies, considering seven enteric pathogens in seven countries.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Reconstruction Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Community incidence of pathogen-specific gastroenteritis: reconstructing the surveillance pyramid for seven pathogens in seven European Union member states

et al. 2012

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(2013) Community incidence of pathogen-specific gastroenteritis: reconstructing the surveillance pyramid for seven pathogens in seven European Union member states. Epidemiology and infection, 141 (8 SUMMARYBy building reconstruction models for a case of gastroenteritis in the general population moving through different steps of the surveillance pyramid we estimated that millions of illnesses occur annually in the European population, leading to thousands of hospitalizations. We used data on the healthcare system in seven European Union member states in relation to pathogen characteristics that influence healthcare seeking. Data on healthcare usage were obtained by harmonized cross-sectional surveys. The degree of under-diagnosis and underreporting varied by pathogen and country. Overall, underreporting and under-diagnosis were estimated to be lowest for Germany and Sweden, followed by Denmark, The Netherlands, UK, Italy and Poland. Across all countries, the incidence rate was highest for Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. Incidence estimates resulting from the pyramid reconstruction approach are adjusted for biases due to different surveillance systems and are therefore a better basis for international comparisons than reported data.

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Section: Comparison With Other Reconstruction Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Community incidence of pathogen-specific gastroenteritis: reconstructing the surveillance pyramid for seven pathogens in seven European Union member states

et al. 2012

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“…Salmonellosis is significantly underreported; therefore, it is very difficult to precisely determine the actual public health burden of Salmonella worldwide (59). Canadian studies suggest that the ratio of salmonellosis infections per reported case ranges from 13 to 37, highlighting the need to develop rapid, accessible, and economical assays to facilitate clinical diagnosis and reporting strategies (62).…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid Genoserotyping Tool for Classification of Salmonella Serovars

et al. 2011

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We have developed a Salmonella genoserotyping array (SGSA) which rapidly generates an antigenic formula consistent with the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme, currently the gold standard for Salmonella serotyping. A set of 287 strains representative of 133 Salmonella serovars was assembled to validate the array and to test the array probes for accuracy, specificity, and reproducibility. Initially, 76 known serovars were utilized to validate the specificity and repeatability of the array probes and their expected probe patterns. The SGSA generated the correct serovar designations for 100% of the known subspecies I serovars tested in the validation panel and an antigenic formula consistent with that of the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme for 97% of all known serovars tested. Once validated, the SGSA was assessed against a blind panel of 100 Salmonella enterica subsp. I samples serotyped using traditional methods. In summary, the SGSA correctly identified all of the blind samples as representing Salmonella and successfully identified 92% of the antigens found within the unknown samples. Antigen-and serovar-specific probes, in combination with a pepT PCR for confirmation of S. enterica subsp. Enteritidis determinations, generated an antigenic formula and/or a serovar designation consistent with the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme for 87% of unknown samples tested with the SGSA. Future experiments are planned to test the specificity of the array probes with other Salmonella serovars to demonstrate the versatility and utility of this array as a public health tool in the identification of Salmonella.

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“…In Quebec province alone, nearly 3,000 cases of diarrheal illness are attributed annually to Campylobacter enteritis, more than the combined total caused by Salmonella and Shigella species, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Yersinia enterocolitica (15). Thomas et al recently concluded that even these numbers appear to represent a substantial underestimate of the public health burden of this enteric pathogen and that for every case of Campylobacter infection reported in Canada each year, there are an additional 23 to 49 unreported cases (47).…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermotolerant Coliforms Are Not a Good Surrogate for Campylobacter spp. in Environmental Water

St-Pierre

Lévesque

Frost

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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This study aimed to assess the importance of quantitatively detecting Campylobacter spp. in environmental surface water. The prevalence and the quantity of Campylobacter spp., thermotolerant coliforms, and Escherichia coli in 2,471 samples collected weekly, over a 2-year period, from 13 rivers and 12 streams in the Eastern Townships, Québec, Canada, were determined. Overall, 1,071 (43%), 1,481 (60%), and 1,463 (59%) samples were positive for Campylobacter spp., thermotolerant coliforms, and E. coli, respectively. There were weak correlations between the weekly distributions of Campylobacter spp. and thermotolerant coliforms (Spearman's coefficient ‫؍‬ 0.27; P ‫؍‬ 0.008) and between the quantitative levels of the two classes of organisms (Kendall tau-b correlation coefficient ‫؍‬ 0.233; P < 0.0001). Well water samples from the Eastern Townships were also tested. Five (10%) of 53 samples from private surface wells were positive for Campylobacter jejuni, of which only 2 were positive for thermotolerant coliforms. These findings suggest that microbial monitoring of raw water by using only fecal indicator organisms is not sufficient for assessing the occurrence or the load of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. Insights into the role of environmental water as sources for sporadic Campylobacter infection will require genus-specific monitoring techniques.

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Estimated Numbers of Community Cases of Illness Due to Salmonella, Campylobacter and Verotoxigenic Escherichia Coli: Pathogen‐Specific Community Rates

Cited by 91 publications

References 31 publications

Community incidence of pathogen-specific gastroenteritis: reconstructing the surveillance pyramid for seven pathogens in seven European Union member states

Community incidence of pathogen-specific gastroenteritis: reconstructing the surveillance pyramid for seven pathogens in seven European Union member states

Rapid Genoserotyping Tool for Classification of Salmonella Serovars

Thermotolerant Coliforms Are Not a Good Surrogate for Campylobacter spp. in Environmental Water

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