Abstract:OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between estimated Mental Retardation (MR) and school dropout in a sample of students of the third and fourth grades at state schools in Porto Alegre, the capital of the southernmost state of Brazil. METHOD: In this case - control study, students that dropped out from schools (n=44) and a control group who continued attending schools (n=44) had their intelligence quotient (IQ) determined by the vocabulary and cubes subtests of the Wescheler Intelligence Scale <FONT FACE=… Show more
“…Similar results were reported by North et al (31) and Ferner et al (32). Also, the frequency of mental retardation in NF1 patients was much higher than expected for the Brazilian population (35 vs 5%) according to Tramontina et al (38).…”
“…Similar results were reported by North et al (31) and Ferner et al (32). Also, the frequency of mental retardation in NF1 patients was much higher than expected for the Brazilian population (35 vs 5%) according to Tramontina et al (38).…”
“…The complete test was administered to 26 children and the reduced version, to 473 (there was one refusal). The reduced version was composed of two subtests 32 (vocabulary and cubes). Pearson's correlation coeffi cient was 0.85 between the reduced test and total IQ (close to the minimum value of 0.90 suggested by Kaufman 17 as the ideal one).…”
OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores associados a transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade em crianças. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal sobre problemas de comportamento em crianças escolares de São Gonçalo, RJ, em 2005. Foram analisados 479 escolares da rede pública selecionados por amostragem por conglomerados em três estágios. Foi utilizada a escala Child Behavior Checklist para medição do desfecho. Foi aplicado um questionário para pais/responsáveis acerca dos fatores de exposição analisados: perfil da criança e da família, variáveis de relacionamento familiar, violências físicas e psicológicas. O modelo regressão log-binomial com enfoque hierarquizado foi empregado para a análise. RESULTADOS: Quociente de inteligência mais alto associou-se inversamente à frequência do transtorno (RP = 0,980 [IC95% 0,963;0,998]). A prevalência de transtorno nas crianças foi maior quando havia disfunção familiar do que entre famílias com melhor forma de se relacionar (RP = 2,538 [IC95% 1,572;4,099]). Crianças que sofriam agressão verbal pela mãe apresentaram prevalência 3,7 vezes maior do que aquelas não expostas a essa situação no último ano (RP = 4,7 [IC95% 1,254;17,636]). CONCLUSÕES: Relações familiares negativas estão associadas aos sintomas de transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade. Sua associação com quociente de inteligência reitera a importância da base genética e ambiental na origem do transtorno.
“…The first is a case-control study comparing two groups of 44 individuals showing that intelligence quotient below 70 is the greatest predictor of school dropout [20]. Another descriptive study comparing 40 persons with intellectual disability with 40 low academic performance students and 40 high academic performance students showed similarities between persons with intellectual disability and students having low performance in social relationships [21].…”
The main conclusion of this review is that a lack of scientific evidence makes it difficult to properly characterize the context of intellectual disability in Latin America. Insufficient data is also a barrier to policy and services development for governments in Latin America. Although recently there have been efforts to develop government programs to meet the needs of the intellectual disability population in Latin America, the effectiveness of these programs is questionable without proper evaluation. There is a need for studies that characterize the needs of people with intellectual disability specifically in Latin America, and future research in this area should emphasize how it can inform current and future policies and services for people with intellectual disability.
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