Estimated Intakes and Sources of Total and Added Sugars  in the Canadian Diet

Brisbois, Tristin D.; Marsden, Sandra; Anderson, G. Harvey; Sievenpiper, John L.

doi:10.3390/nu6051899

Cited by 87 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Furthermore, Australian apparent consumption data (15) suggest that there has been a declining trend in added sugar intake over the past 40 years. This trend was similar to that observed in other developed countries (16)(17)(18)(19) .…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…This is 5·7 g/d higher than our findings from the 2011-2012 NNPAS, but the percentage energy from added sugar is similar between the two surveys. Studies from other developed countries also report a declining trend in added sugar consumption (16,18,34,35) . For example, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the USA, Welsh et al (16) observed a 23·4 g/d decrease in added sugar intake between 1999-2000 and 2007-2008 among US residents aged 2 years or above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

et al. 2016

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Previous studies in Australian children/adolescents and adults examining added sugar (AS) intake were based on now out-of-date national surveys. We aimed to examine the AS and free sugar (FS) intakes and the main food sources of AS among Australians, using plausible dietary data collected by a multiple-pass, 24-h recall, from the 2011-12 Australian Health Survey respondents (n 8202). AS and FS intakes were estimated using a previously published method, and as defined by the WHO, respectively. Food groups contributing to the AS intake were described and compared by age group and sex by one-way ANOVA. Linear regression was used to test for trends across age groups. Usual intake of FS (as percentage energy (%EFS)) was computed using a published method and compared with the WHO cut-off of <10 %EFS. The mean AS intake of the participants was 60·3 (SD 52·6) g/d. Sugar-sweetened beverages accounted for the greatest proportion of the AS intake of the Australian population (21·4 (SD 30·1) %), followed by sugar and sweet spreads (16·3 (SD 24·5) %) and cakes, biscuits, pastries and batterbased products (15·7 (SD 24·4) %). More than half of the study population exceeded the WHO's cut-off for FS, especially children and adolescents. Overall, 80-90 % of the daily AS intake came from high-sugar energy-dense and/or nutrient-poor foods. To conclude, the majority of Australian adults and children exceed the WHO recommendation for FS intake. Efforts to reduce AS intake should focus on energy-dense and/or nutrient-poor foods.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

et al. 2016

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“…23 Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I 2 statistic). If I 2 was greater than or equal to 50%, we interpreted this as indicating substantial heterogeneity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of total sugars, fructose and sucrose with incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Tsilas

Souza

Mejía

et al. 2017

CMAJ

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Sugars, particularly fructose-containing sugars, have been implicated as an important driver in the rise in incidence of type 2 diabetes.1,2 Sugar-sweetened beverages, which represent the greatest source of fructose-containing sugars in the diet, 3 form most of the basis for this link. 4,5 It remains unclear whether the association between beverages sweetened with sugars and type 2 diabetes can be explained by the fructose that these beverages contain. Several high-quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses have assessed the relation of sugar-sweetened beverages with incident type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to determine the role of fructose-containing sugars independent of food form in the development of type 2 diabetes. MethodsOur systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and Interventions, 6 and reported results according to Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guideline 7 and PRISMA guideline (www.prisma-statement.org). The study protocol is registered (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01608620). ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with type 2 diabetes. To assess whether this association holds for the fructose-containing sugars they contain, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

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“…3 In the most recently available cycle of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition in 2004, sugar (naturally occurring and added) comprised on average 20% of the daily calories consumed by Canadians; 4 subsequent analysis has suggested that added sugars account for over half of total sugar intake, with Canadians obtaining an average of 11%-13% of total energy intake from added sugars. 5 Among Canadians aged 19 and older, over 10% of total sugar intake was obtained from free sugars found in fruit juices and fruit drinks (no differentiation is made between these two beverage categories on the CCHS), with an average of over 15% among children aged 9-18. 4 Therefore, lowering Canadians' fruit juice and fruit drink consumption represents a potential target for reducing sugar consumption below acceptable WHO guidelines.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic status and fruit juice consumption in Canada

Shupler

Raine

2017

Can J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES:The role of socio-economic status (SES) in fruit juice and fruit drink consumption is not well understood in a Canadian context. This study examines the relationship between SES and Canadian fruit juice and fruit drink consumption. METHODS:The Canadian Community Health Survey (2011)(2012), a cross-sectional survey that employs multistage cluster sampling, provided relevant data for a sample of 103 125 Canadians, aged 12 and older, living in the 10 provinces. Household income level decile, ranked at the health region level, was used as a surrogate measure of SES. Fruit juice and fruit drink consumption data were collected via self-report in telephone/in-person interviews. Multivariable gamma regression was used to model the relationship between SES and frequency of fruit juice and fruit drink consumption, adjusting for age, sex, diabetes status, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, education level, racial identity and physical activity. RESULTS:A negative relationship was found, with a decreasing daily rate of fruit juice and fruit drink consumption associated with increasing SES. In the adjusted model, Canadians in the lowest SES category consumed fruit juice and fruit drinks at an average daily rate 1.18 times (95% CI: 1.14-1.23) that of Canadians in the highest SES category. CONCLUSION:The negative association between health region-adjusted SES and fruit juice and fruit drink consumption highlights the potentially important role of socio-economic factors at a local level. Canadian policy that aims to lower fruit juice and fruit drink consumption, and thus sugar intake, should target financial avenues (such as making fruit juice less financially attractive by lowering the cost of whole fruit and vegetables) in addition to communicating health benefits.KEY WORDS: Fruit and vegetable juices; socio-economic factors; income La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.

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Estimated Intakes and Sources of Total and Added Sugars in the Canadian Diet

Cited by 87 publications

References 5 publications

Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

Relation of total sugars, fructose and sucrose with incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Socio-economic status and fruit juice consumption in Canada

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