Estimated Global, Regional, and National Cardiovascular Disease Burdens Related to Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: An Analysis from the Global Dietary Database (FS01-01-19)

Abstract

Objectives Inadequate fruit and vegetable intake contributes to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and the impacts of fruits and vegetables on CVD risk worldwide has not been well established by country, age, and sex. Our objective was to derive comprehensive and accurate estimates of the burdens of CVD attributable to fruit and vegetable consumption using the largest standardized global dietary database currently available. Methods National intakes of fruit and vegetables (including legumes) were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical model using individual-level intake data from nationally and sub-nationally representative diet surveys and country-level availability data (266 surveys representing 1630,069 individuals from 113 of 187 countries─ 82% of the world's population). The effects of fruits and vegetables on coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke mortality, collectively referred to as CVD mortality, were derived from the most recent meta-analyses of prospective cohorts. Disease specific mortality data were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases study. A comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportional attributable fraction (PAF) and number of disease-specific deaths. Results In 2010, suboptimal intakes of fruit were estimated to result in 521,395 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 498,254–542,808) CHD deaths (PAF: 7.5%; 7.2–7.8%) and 1255,978 (1187,716–1325,879) stroke deaths (PAF: 21.7%; 20.5–22.9%) globally per year. Suboptimal intakes of vegetables were estimated to result in 809,425 (783,362–836,687) CHD deaths (PAF: 11.6%; 11.3–12.0%) and 210,849 (196,297–226,577) stroke deaths (PAF: 3.6%; 3.4–3.9%). The proportion of CVD deaths from suboptimal fruit and vegetable intake was higher in males and younger adults. Among the 20 most populous countries, China (541,564; 482,709–608,314; PAF: 20.3%) had the largest absolute CVD deaths from suboptimal fruit intake and India (199,364; 176,961–222,688; PAF: 11.6%) from vegetables. Results for the global burden of fruits and vegetables on CVD in 1990 and 2015 will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions Suboptimal fruit and vegetable intake each contribute to significant CVD mortality, demonstrating a pressing need for public health and policy priorities to increase intake. Funding Sources Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Promoting healthy foods in the new digital era on Instagram: an experimental study on the effect of a popular real versus fictitious fit influencer on brand attitude and purchase intentions

“…Research examining the effects of food marketing for healthy foods is scarce [ 22 , 23 , 25 , 27 – 30 ]. Considering that a great number of people do not consume enough healthy foods and overconsume unhealthy foods [ 43 ], it is of great importance to examine the potential of food promotion techniques of healthier foods. Third, the expenditure of food companies to advertise their brands and products through social influencers is increasing, while the understanding of its effects on eating behavior is lacking.…”

Promoting healthy foods in the new digital era on Instagram: An experimental study on the effect of a popular real fit influencer versus a fictitious fit influencer on brand attitude and purchase intentions.

“…Research examining the effects of food marketing for healthy foods is scarce (Folkvord 2019;Folkvord et al 2017Folkvord et al , 2018Folkvord et al , 2019a. Considering that a great number of people do not consume enough healthy foods and overconsume unhealthy foods (Miller et al 2019), it is of great importance to examine the potential of food promotion techniques of healthier foods. Third, the expenditure of food companies to advertise their brands and products through social in uencers is increasing, while the understanding of its effects on eating behavior is lacking.…”

Promoting healthy foods in the new digital era: An experimental study on the effect of a popular versus fictitious ‘Insta-influencer’ on brand attitude and purchase intentions

“…Food marketing research has predominantly focused on the in uence of food advertising of unhealthy foods on eating behavior among children and adolescents (Boyland et al 2016;Folkvord and Van 't Riet, 2018;Folkvord et al 2016), while research examining the effects of food marketing for healthy foods is scarce Folkvord et al 2017Folkvord et al , 2018Folkvord et al , 2019a. Considering that a great number of people do not consume enough fruit and vegetables (Miller et al 2019), it is of great importance to examine the potential of food promotion techniques of healthier foods. Promoting increased fruit and vegetable consumption has shown to may have a role in weight maintenance or loss (Mytton et al 2014).…”

“…The current study showed that it is crucial for a social in uencer to establish a strong connection with the followers in order to effectively convey their message, for example, promoting healthy food products. Taking into account that for some decades many dietary guidelines have emphasized the importance of a diet high in fruit and vegetables (Miller et al 2019), consumption of fruit and vegetables remains below recommended levels in many countries. New and innovative methods to effectively promote fruit and vegetables are necessary to improve people's dietary intake , since it has been widely accepted that the current food systems have a negative effect on human health and threaten The present study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands.…”