Estimated global incidence of Japanese encephalitis:

Campbell, Grant L.; Hills, Susan L.; Fischer, Marc; Jacobson, Julie; Hoke, Charles H.; Hombach, Joachim; Marfin, Anthony A.; Solomon, Tom; Tsai, Theodore F.; Tsu, Vivien; Ginsburg, Amy Sarah

doi:10.2471/blt.10.085233

Cited by 818 publications

(787 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…JEV causes serious nervous disorders such as meningitis and encephalitis. There are an estimated 68 000 cases of JE per year, occurring mainly in China, India and South-east Asian countries, which result in 15 000 fatalities, mostly in children (Campbell et al, 2011;Erlanger et al, 2009;Tsai, 2000). There is no specific treatment available for JE, other than preventative vaccination with JEV vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro growth, pathogenicity and serological characteristics of the Japanese encephalitis virus genotype V Muar strain

Tajima

Yagasaki

Kotaki

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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The characteristics of genotype V Japanese encephalitis virus (GV JEV) remain poorly understood as only two strains have been isolated to date. In this study, we examined the effects of the GV JEV Muar strain on in vitro growth and pathogenicity in mice; we also evaluated the efficacy of inactivated JEV vaccines against the Muar strain. Although growth of the Muar strain in mouse neuroblastoma N18 cells was clearly worse than that of the GIII Beijing-1 and GI Mie/41/2002 strains, neuroinvasiveness of the Muar strain was similar to that of the Beijing-1 strain and significantly higher than that of the Mie/41/2002 strain. The results of a plaque reduction neutralization test suggested that the neutralization ability of the JEV vaccines against the Muar strain was reduced compared with the GI and GIII strains. However, the protection potency of the JEV vaccine against the Muar strain was similar to that for the Beijing-1 strain in mice. Our data indicate that GV JEV has unique growth, virulence and antigenicity features.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro growth, pathogenicity and serological characteristics of the Japanese encephalitis virus genotype V Muar strain

Tajima

Yagasaki

Kotaki

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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“…[1][2][3] Three billion people live in regions with endemic JEV transmission resulting in an estimated 60,000 annual cases, of which 20-40% are fatal and 45-70% of survivors have neurologic sequelae. 3,4 The JEV has a single-strand, plus-sense, RNA genome of~11 kb in length, which contains a single open reading frame (ORF) that is flanked by 5 and 3 untranslated regions (UTRs). 5 The single ORF codes for a polyprotein that is processed by viral and host cellular proteases into the capsid (C), precursor-membrane (prM), and envelope (E) structural proteins and non-structural proteins NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Phenotypic Properties of Vero Cell-Adapted Japanese Encephalitis Virus SA14-14-2 Vaccine Strain Variants and a Recombinant Clone, Which Demonstrates Attenuation and Immunogenicity in Mice

Gromowski

Firestone

Bustos-Arriaga

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) SA14-14-2 vaccine, produced in primary hamster kidney cells, is safe and effective. Past attempts to adapt this virus to replicate in cells that are more favorable for vaccine production resulted in mutations that significantly reduced immunogenicity. In this study, 10 genetically distinct Vero cell-adapted JEV SA14-14-2 variants were isolated and a recombinant wild-type JEV clone, modified to contain the JEV SA14-14-2 polyprotein amino acid sequence, was recovered in Vero cells. A single capsid protein mutation (S66L) was important for Vero cell-adaptation. Mutations were also identified that modulated virus sensitivity to type I interferonstimulation in Vero cells. A subset of JEV SA14-14-2 variants and the recombinant clone were evaluated in vivo and exhibited levels of attenuation that varied significantly in suckling mice, but were avirulent and highly immunogenic in weanling mice and are promising candidates for the development of a second-generation, recombinant vaccine.

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“…Thus, pre-existing vaccine-induced TBE immunity enhanced the neutralising JEV-specific antibody response after the first IC51 vaccination. 59 More than 10 000 cases of JE are still reported each year in endemic countries 60 and due to poor diagnostic and surveillance capacity this number is likely to represent an underestimate of the true burden of disease. Approximately 67,900 JE cases typically occur annually (overall incidence: 1.8 per 100,000) and recent data show that the global incidence of JE remains substantial despite improvements in vaccination coverage, especially young children in endemic areas are most susceptible.…”

Section: Public-healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 67,900 JE cases typically occur annually (overall incidence: 1.8 per 100,000) and recent data show that the global incidence of JE remains substantial despite improvements in vaccination coverage, especially young children in endemic areas are most susceptible. 60 As vaccination is the most feasible, reliable and cost effective tool for JE control, IXIARO Ò with confirmed excellent safety profile is highly recommendable, in particular for vaccination of children at risk.…”

Section: Public-healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Japanese encephalitis virus, as the most important vaccinepreventable cause of viral encephalitis in Asia, is estimated to cause over 68,000 clinical cases yearly. [6][7][8] Highly endemic in Southeast Asia, India, China, Japan and Korea, the virus has expanded its distribution including parts of Oceania, 4 with approximately 3 billion people at risk for infection. Sporadic epidemics in less endemic areas also account for tens of thousands of cases annually, and new foci of epidemics have been noted in formerly non-endemic areas, such as Sri Lanka or Nepal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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