Estimated energy intake, macronutrient intake and meal pattern of Flemish adolescents

Matthys, Christophe; Henauw, Stefaan De; Devos, C; Backer, Gui De

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601533

Cited by 79 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Owing to the removal of a number of records (n ¼ 70) -because of low quality of the food diaries -only 60.3% of the eligible students were included in the final analyses. This issue of drop-out has been discussed in more detail in a previous paper on the same database (Matthys et al, 2003). In this paper, it was demonstrated that in both boys and girls, the participation rate was significantly lower among students from vocational education than among students from theoretical education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The study sample consisted of 656 adolescents (13-18 y) randomly selected on the basis of a multistage cluster-sampling technique. The design and methodology have been described in more detail elsewhere (Matthys et al, 2003). In brief, local private and public secondary schools (n ¼ 5) were randomly selected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, results are given separately for boys (n ¼ 129) and girls (n ¼ 212). A detailed description of the characteristics of the study population is published elsewhere (Matthys et al, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iron intake and dietary sources of iron in Flemish adolescents

et al. 2005

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Objective: To investigate the dietary iron intake and food sources of iron in Flemish adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional survey; dietary assessment method: a 7-day estimated food record. Setting: Private and public secondary schools in Ghent, a city in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium. Subjects: A total of 341 adolescents (129 boys and 212 girls), 13-18 y, randomly selected by a multistage clustered sampling technique. Results: The mean total iron intake (s.d.) for boys was 13.4 (72.91) mg/day and for girls 10.1 (72.79) mg/day. A proportion of 38.8% of the boys and 99.5% of the girls had a mean total iron intake below the Belgian Recommended Dietary Allowance and 3.1% of the boys and 71.2% of the girls below the British Estimated Average Requirement. When bioavailable iron intake is considered, 84.5% of the boys and only 16.5% of the girls met the age-specific requirement. The food groups with the highest mean proportional contribution to total iron intake in both males and females were bread, meat and meat products, cereals and potatoes. A comparison of adolescents from the highest tertile of iron intake (mg/day) with adolescents from the lowest tertile showed a significantly higher energy-adjusted intake of brown bread and a significantly lower intake of soft drinks in the former group in both boys and girls. A significantly higher energy-adjusted intake of breakfast cereals in adolescents of the highest tertile than those of the lowest tertile was seen in girls only. Analyses in consumers only did not change this overall picture. Conclusions: One can conclude that the mean iron intake of Flemish girls is considerably lower than the current recommendations. An increased iron intake in this subgroup of the population is therefore advisable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iron intake and dietary sources of iron in Flemish adolescents

et al. 2005

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“…5 Up to now, there has been no study at the European level that has investigated the nutritional status and lifestyle of adolescents using a central standard methodology across a consortium of several participating countries. 6 This can be considered the 'primum movens' for the establishment of the HELENA concept. An earlier cross-sectional multi-centre Spanish studyFcalled AVENAFwas designed in 1999 to evaluate the nutritional status of a representative sample of Spanish adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and implementation of the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2008

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Objective: To provide an overview of the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study (HELENA-CSS) design, with particular attention to its quality control procedures. Other important methodological aspects are described in detail throughout this supplement. Design: Description of the HELENA-CSS sampling and recruitment approaches, standardization and harmonization processes, data collection and analysis strategies and quality control activities. Results: The HELENA-CSS is a multi-centre collaborative study conducted in European adolescents located in urban settings. The data management systems, quality assurance monitoring activities, standardized manuals of operating procedures and training and study management are addressed in this paper. Various quality controls to ensure collection of valid and reliable data will be discussed in this supplement, as well as quantitative estimates of measurement error. Conclusion: The great advantage of the HELENA-CSS is the strict standardization of the fieldwork and the blood analyses, which precludes to a great extent the kind of immeasurable confounding bias that often interferes when comparing results from isolated studies.

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“…An unhealthy diet during adolescence can negatively affect growth and development (CDC, 1997) and is likely to persist into adulthood (Kelder et al, 1994;Lien et al, 2001). Moreover, high-energy and fat intake, low fruit intake and excessive soft-drink consumption have been associated with a higher risk for becoming overweight and obese and for diabetes, hypertension, cancer and cardiovascular diseases (Willet, 1994;Centers of Disease Control Prevention, 1997;Reilly and Dorosty, 1999;Van Duyn and Pivonka, 2000;Ludwig et al, 2001;Lytle and Kubik, 2003;Matthys et al, 2003). Hence, there is an urgent need for effective interventions aimed at improving dietary behaviours in adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of psychosocial and home environmental factors in explaining eating behaviours in adolescents

et al. 2007

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Objective: The present study aimed at investigating the influence of food availability, rules and television viewing habits on eating behaviours in adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Four randomly selected middle schools. Subjects: A sample of 534 seventh and eighth graders. Interventions: Validated questionnaires were used to measure the family environment and fat, soft drink and fruit consumption. Hierarchical regression analyses on fat, soft drink and fruit consumption, with demographic and psychosocial variables entered as the first and environmental factors as the second block were conducted in boys and girls. Results: Boys with more unhealthy products available at home consumed more fat (Pp0.001, 95% CI: 8.2-29.4) and more soft drinks (Pp0.01, 95% CI: 0.2-1.4). Boys who reported better television viewing habits ate more fruit (Pp0.001, 95% CI: À1.7 to À0.5). Girls who reported better television viewing habits consumed less fat (Pp0.01, 95% CI: 1.4-9.0) and more fruit (Pp0.05, 95% CI: À1.0 to À0.1). Girls who reported higher availability of healthy products at home (Pp0.05, 95% CI: 0.3-3.1) and more food rules (Pp0.001, 95% CI: À1.8 to À0.5), consumed more fruit. Environmental factors were poor predictors of soft drink consumption among girls. Conclusion: Availability of (un)healthy food products, family food rules and TV viewing habits were related to one or more eating behaviours in boys or girls. Although home environmental factors can play an important role in influencing adolescents' eating behaviours, these factors were generally less predictive than demographic and psychosocial variables.

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Estimated energy intake, macronutrient intake and meal pattern of Flemish adolescents

Cited by 79 publications

References 23 publications

Iron intake and dietary sources of iron in Flemish adolescents

Iron intake and dietary sources of iron in Flemish adolescents

Design and implementation of the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study

The contribution of psychosocial and home environmental factors in explaining eating behaviours in adolescents

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