Estimated effects of solvents and mineral oils on cancer incidence and mortality in a cohort of aerospace workers

Zhao, Yanwen; Krishnadasan, Anusha; Kennedy, Nola; Morgenstern, Hal; Ritz, Beate

doi:10.1002/ajim.20216

Cited by 73 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Chang et al [37] reported nonsignificant inverse associations for cancer of the lymphatic and haematopoietic tissue among male (SIR 5 0.73, 95% CI: 0.27-1.60) and female (SIR 5 0.65, 95% CI: 0.37-1.05) workers in an electronics factory who were potentially exposed to TCE prior to 1968. Zhao et al [38] reported no significant associations for combined categories of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukaemia mortality (high exposure: RR 5 1.30, 95% CI: 0.52-3.23) or incidence (high exposure: RR 5 0.20, 95% CI: 0.03-1.46) among California aerospace workers exposed to TCE. Leukaemia was not analysed as a separate outcome; therefore, we did not include this study in our meta-analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of occupational trichloroethylene exposure and multiple myeloma or leukaemia

Alexander

Mink

Mandel

et al. 2006

Occupational Medicine

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Background Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been widely used as an industrial solvent and degreasing agent. AimsWe conducted a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies of occupational TCE exposure and multiple myeloma (MM) or leukaemia. MethodsWe identified a total of eight cohort or case-control studies that enumerated a TCE-exposed study population and presented relative risk (RR) estimates for MM (n 5 7) and/or leukaemia (n 5 7). The individual studies included aerospace or aircraft workers (n 5 3 studies), workers from a transformer manufacturing plant (n 5 1 study) and workers from numerous occupations who, based on biomonitoring or extensive industrial hygiene exposure measurements, were likely exposed to TCE (n 5 4). We used random effects models to calculate summary relative risk estimates (SRRE).In addition, we examined heterogeneity across studies and the relative influence of each individual study on the overall meta-analysis. ResultsNo association was observed for MM (SRRE 5 1.05, 95% CI: 0.80-1.38; P value for heterogeneity 5 0.94) or leukaemia (SRRE 5 1.11, 95% CI: 0.93-1.32; P value for heterogeneity 5 0.50), based on TCE-exposed subgroup meta-analyses. Study-specific RR estimates for MM ranged between 0.57 and 1.62. RRs for leukaemia ranged between 1.05 and 1.15 in five studies, while one study reported a 2-fold increased RR and another study reported an inverse association of 0.60. All confidence intervals (CIs) for study-specific estimates included 1.0. ConclusionsThe results of this meta-analysis do not support an etiologic association between occupational TCE exposure and risk of MM or leukaemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of occupational trichloroethylene exposure and multiple myeloma or leukaemia

Alexander

Mink

Mandel

et al. 2006

Occupational Medicine

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“…An increased risk of kidney cancer was reported in all of the studies in which there was a moderate to very high level of estimated TCE exposure (Henschler et al, 1995;Morgan et al, 1998;Vamvakas et al, 1998;Brüning et al, 2003;Raaschou-Nielsen et al, 2003;Zhao et al, 2005;Boice et al, 2006;Charbotel et al, 2006;Radican et al, 2008;Moore et al, 2010;Hansen et al, 2013), with most risk estimates being statistically significant. Additionally, positive exposureresponse relationships were reported in several case-control (Charbotel et al, 2006;Moore et al, 2010) and cohort studies (Zhao et al, 2005;Raaschou-Nielsen et al, 2003) using different exposure metrics. In Moore et al (2010), statistically significant associations between occupational exposure to TCE and renal cell carcinoma were only observed in individuals with an active GSTT1 genotype and certain CCBL1 genotypes.…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 96%

Target Organ Metabolism, Toxicity, and Mechanisms of Trichloroethylene and Perchloroethylene: Key Similarities, Differences, and Data Gaps

Cichocki

Guyton

Guha

et al. 2016

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

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Trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene or tetrachloroethylene (PCE) are high-production volume chemicals with numerous industrial applications. As a consequence of their widespread use, these chemicals are ubiquitous environmental contaminants to which the general population is commonly exposed. It is widely assumed that TCE and PCE are toxicologically similar; both are simple olefins with three (TCE) or four (PCE) chlorines. Nonetheless, despite decades of research on the adverse health effects of TCE or PCE, few studies have directly compared these two toxicants. Although the metabolic pathways are qualitatively similar, quantitative differences in the flux and yield of metabolites exist. Recent human health assessments have uncovered some overlap in target organs that are affected by exposure to TCE or PCE, and divergent speciesand sex-specificity with regard to cancer and noncancer hazards. The objective of this minireview is to highlight key similarities, differences, and data gaps in target organ metabolism and mechanism of toxicity. The main anticipated outcome of this review is to encourage research to 1) directly compare the responses to TCE and PCE using more sensitive biochemical techniques and robust statistical comparisons; 2) more closely examine interindividual variability in the relationship between toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics for TCE and PCE; 3) elucidate the effect of coexposure to these two toxicants; and 4) explore new mechanisms for target organ toxicity associated with TCE and/or PCE exposure.

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“…MWFs contain many chemicals, of which some may cause cancer. Studies have shown that exposure to straight MWF is associated with increased risk of kidney, bladder and lung cancer, skin tumors and melanoma [68][69][70].…”

Section: Occupational Exposure To Metalworking Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Airway Mucosal Inflammation : Proteomic Studies after Exposure to Irritants and Microbial Agents

Fornander¹

2015

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People are, in their daily lives, exposed to a number of airborne foreign compounds that do not normally affect the body. However, depending on the nature of these compounds, dose and duration of exposure, various airway symptoms may arise. Early symptoms are often manifested as upper airway mucosal inflammation which generates changes in protein composition in the airway lining fluid.This thesis aims at identifying, understanding mechanisms and characterizing protein alterations in the upper airway mucosa that can be used as potential new biomarkers for inflammation in the mucosa. The protein composition in the mucosa was studied by sampling of nasal lavage fluid that was further analyzed with a proteomic approach using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Additionally, by studying factors on site through environmental examination, health questionnaires and biological analyses, we have tried to understand the background to these protein alterations and their impact on health.Respiratory symptoms from the upper airways are common among people who are exposed to irritative and microbial agents. This thesis have focused on personnel in swimming pool facilities exposed to trichloramine, metal industry workers exposed to metalworking fluids, employees working in damp and moldy buildings and infants diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus infection. The common denominator in these four studies is that the subjects experience upper airway mucosal inflammation, which is manifested as cough, rhinitis, phlegm etc. In the three occupational studies, the symptoms were work related. Notably, a high prevalence of perceived mucosal symptoms was shown despite the relatively low levels of airborne irritants revealed by the environmental examination. Protein profiling verified an ongoing inflammatory response by identification of several proteins that displayed altered levels. Interestingly, innate immune proteins dominated and four protein alterations occurred in most of the studies; SPLUNC1, protein S100A8 and S100A9 and alpha-1-antitrypsin. Similarly, these proteins were also found in nasal fluid from children with virus infection and in addition a truncated form of SPLUNC1 and two other S100 proteins (S100A7-like 2 and S100A16), not previously found in nasal secretion, were identified.Altogether, the results indicate the potential use of a proteomic approach for identifying new biomarkers for the upper respiratory tract at an early stage in the disease process after exposure to irritant and microbial agents. The results indicate an effect on the innate immunity system and the proteins; SPLUNC1, protein S100A8 and S100A9 and alpha-1-antitrypsin are especially promising new biomarkers. Moreover, further studies of these proteins may help us to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in irritant-induced airway inflammation. POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING FÖRÄNDRAD PROTEINSAMMANSÄTTNING I DE ÖVRE LUFTVÄGARNA EFTER EXPONERING FÖR SLEMHINNEIRRITERANDE ÄMNENVarje dag utsätts vi för partikla...

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Estimated effects of solvents and mineral oils on cancer incidence and mortality in a cohort of aerospace workers

Cited by 73 publications

References 6 publications

A meta-analysis of occupational trichloroethylene exposure and multiple myeloma or leukaemia

A meta-analysis of occupational trichloroethylene exposure and multiple myeloma or leukaemia

Target Organ Metabolism, Toxicity, and Mechanisms of Trichloroethylene and Perchloroethylene: Key Similarities, Differences, and Data Gaps

Upper Airway Mucosal Inflammation : Proteomic Studies after Exposure to Irritants and Microbial Agents

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