Estimated Direct Medical Cost of Osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia: A Single-Center Retrospective Cost Analysis

Balkhi, Bander; Alghamdi, Ahmed; Alqusair, S.; Alotaibi, Bader Alhafi; AlRuthia, Yazed; Alsanawi, Hisham; Nasser, Ahmad Bin; Fouda, Mona A.

doi:10.3390/ijerph18189831

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Among direct medical costs, the highest amounts comprise costs due to admission to hospital, while among direct non-medical costs, highest amounts are for caregivers and medical materials related to the fracture [50]. A study in Saudi Arabia by Balkhi et al (2021), the annual mean cost per person for patients without hip fractures was $975.77, while it reached $9716.26 for patients with osteoporotic fractures [51]. A study in Ontario by Alolabi et al (2009) calculated the annual mean cost from the payer perspective was $18,100 for internal fixation and $15,843 for hemiarthroplasty [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Proximal Femoral Nail vs Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture

KUTLU,

AKBULUT

2024

Preprint

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Background: Hip fractures are a serious public health problem with high rates of morbidity, mortality, disability and care costs. The aim of the research was to perform cost effectiveness analysis of hip fracture treatments using proximal femoral nail and bipolar hemiarthroplasty surgeries. Methods: The analysis was completed based on the perspectives of the paying institution and patient. A decision tree model was used to determine whether proximal femoral nail or bipolar arthroplasty was most cost effective for the management of a femoral neck fracture in this patient population. Results: The findings from the decision tree model suggested that ICERs for BHP were TRY 43,164.53 TL/QALY based on reimbursement and TRY 3,977.35 TL/QALY based on patient expenditures. Compared to the calculated threshold value of TRY 60.575 TL, we concluded BHP to be a cost-effective option. Moreover, all parameter changes yielded stable results on the one-way sensitivity analysis. When it comes to the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, BHP with specified threshold value was found to be cost-effective in all the comparisons. Currently available data the use of bipolar hemiarthroplasty as the more cost- effective treatment strategy in this specific population. Conclusion: Overall, our findings showed HA as a cost-effective surgical technique at the calculated threshold in a population over 60 years of age. The impacts of HA on patients' quality of life and costs are remarkable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Proximal Femoral Nail vs Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture

KUTLU,

AKBULUT

2024

Preprint

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“…The gold standard in diagnosing osteoporosis is dual-energy X-ray absorption (DXA). However, availability is limited in many hospitals; only 15%-25% of those patients who suffer a fragility fracture are scanned and treated [7]. Other than the availability, the operating cost of a DXA and the need for a specialized technician limit its usage in hospitals [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool as a Screening Tool for Osteoporosis in Saudi Postmenopausal Women

Alshahrani¹,

Alsulaiman²,

Almashari³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background: Osteoporosis is commonly referred to as the "silent disease," as bone loss is gradual and asymptomatic. In older women and men, osteoporosis can lead to increased bone fragility, thus increasing the risk of fractures. These fractures are associated with healthcare costs, physical disabilities, impaired quality of life, and mortality. Therefore, the study's main objective was to assess the applicability of the osteoporosis self-assessment tool (OST) in predicting osteoporosis in Saudi postmenopausal women who are 60 years of age and older and to give a thorough understanding of how such a method can aid in the early diagnosis of osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia and give physicians enough time to treat it.Methods: This study was done at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, where we included postmenopausal Saudi women 60 years of age and older who took the bone mineral density (BMD) test in the family medicine department. The approximate target population in this group, between the years 2016 and 2022, was 2969 patients. All data was taken from the BestCare database at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh. Data were typed in an Excel sheet (Redmond, USA), then transferred to the R Studio software. The data collection method was chart review, so no informed consent was needed from patients. Names and medical record numbers were not stored.Results: The study included 2969 participants. According to the bone mineral density (BMD) T score results, 490 participants (16.5%) were normal, 1746 participants (58.8%) had osteopenia, and 733 participants (24.7%) suffered from osteoporosis. BMD T scores for normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis participants were -0.6 (-0.9, -.3), -1.8 (-2.1), and -3 (-3.5, -2.7), consecutively. Estimated OSTI scores for those patients were 2 (0, 4), 1 (-2, 3), and -1 (-4, 1), consecutively. According to the OSTI score for normal participants, 4.29% were classified as being at high risk of osteoporosis. A high risk of osteoporosis was identified in 0.74% of those with osteopenia. 27.83% of osteoporosis patients were classified as being at high risk of osteoporosis. To differentiate normal individuals from those with osteopenia, the cutoff value with optimal sensitivity was 3.5. At such a cutoff value, the test sensitivity was 81.04%. To differentiate normal participants from those with osteoporosis, the cutoff value with optimal sensitivity was 2.5. At such a cutoff value, the test sensitivity was 86.49%. To differentiate osteopenia from osteoporosis patients, the cutoff threshold with optimal sensitivity was 1.5. At such a threshold, sensitivity was 78.44%. Conclusion: OSTA is a simple and validated tool that can identify subjects at increased risk of osteoporosis. Its use could facilitate a more cost-effective use of BMD; by avoiding measurements in low-risk groups.

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“…From a financial standpoint, a recent study in Saudi Arabia estimated the mean direct medical cost for osteoporosis of patients without fractures as 975.77 USD per person per year (PPPY) and for patients with fractures as 9,716.26 USD PPPY, which might be an underestimate as the data reflects governmental hospital pricing [ 14 ]. One study developed a model that estimated osteoporotic fractures amounting to 988,029 within a five-year period from 2019 to 2023.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia Among Older Adults in a Community-Based Setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Alkhunizan¹,

Almasoud²,

Abdulmowla³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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BackgroundOsteoporosis is a disease of bone density. It makes bones fragile and easy to break. Fragility fractures can cause significant morbidity, mortality, poor quality of life, and financial stress on medical care. Osteoporosis is overlooked and undertreated. Saudi Arabia issued a national plan promoting the early diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Few and old studies are available in Saudi Arabia estimating the prevalence of osteoporosis in the Saudi older adult population. The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia among older adult patients. MethodologyThis retrospective cross-sectional study is based on data gathered from patients ≥60 years of age. Data were collected from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021, for patients who were attending family medicine clinics at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, who were screened using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Patients who have secondary causes of osteoporosis were excluded. ResultsA total of 1,302 patients were studied during the course of data collection. The mean age was 68.26. Out of the studied subjects, 75% were female and 25% were males. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 8.2% and 11.8% in femoral and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) results, respectively. The prevalence of osteopenia based on femoral and lumbar BMD results was 50.2% and 41.2%, respectively. ConclusionOsteoporosis and osteopenia are prevalent in the Saudi older adult population. Multiple clinical characteristics have been associated with low bone density disease. Thus, it is important to reinforce primary care physicians' efforts for early screening and treatment of the Saudi older adult population based on their clinical and demographic risk factors.

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Estimated Direct Medical Cost of Osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia: A Single-Center Retrospective Cost Analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Proximal Femoral Nail vs Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Proximal Femoral Nail vs Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture

Use of the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool as a Screening Tool for Osteoporosis in Saudi Postmenopausal Women

The Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia Among Older Adults in a Community-Based Setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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