Estimated Cost of Emission Control Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles Part 2 - Diesel

Posada, Francisco; Bandivadekar, Anup; German, John

doi:10.4271/2013-01-0539

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, emission compliance costs are significantly higher for diesel vehicles – with almost half the diesel vehicles’ compliance costs being associated with the exhaust after-treatment system. 2 Enhancing the efficacy of existing emission reduction techniques, such as EGR for NO x reduction, therefore has the potential to reduce the overall cost of the diesel vehicle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of exhaust gas recirculation techniques on a high-speed direct injection diesel engine using first law analysis

Papaioannou

Leach

Davy

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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The effects of different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) strategies on engine efficiency and the resulting energy flows at two speed/load conditions (1500 r/min/6.8 bar net indicated mean effective pressure (nIMEP) and 1750 r/min/13.5 bar nIMEP) were studied using a first law analysis approach. The EGR strategies tested were as follows: cooled high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation (baseline), the application of exhaust gas recirculation with the swirl flap closed and the use of exhaust gas recirculation under constant λ conditions. The closed swirl flap exhaust gas recirculation strategy reduced brake efficiency under high load conditions and increased heat transfer to the coolant for both load cases. Soot and CO emissions increased at high load, however, with an increase in NOx relative to the baseline case. The constant λ exhaust gas recirculation strategy reduced brake efficiency under low load, as well as the heat flow to the coolant for both load cases. The constant λ exhaust gas recirculation strategy benefited smoke emissions and increased combustion exhaust gas recirculation tolerance, albeit with a penalty in NOx emission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of exhaust gas recirculation techniques on a high-speed direct injection diesel engine using first law analysis

Papaioannou

Leach

Davy

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…Besides increase of fuel consumption because of the increased engine back-pressure (Lújan et al (2015a)), the installation of the particulate filter has an important impact on the final cost of the engine. More than 50% of control emission technologies cost, which is close to 30% of the engine cost, is estimated to come from aftertreatment systems in passenger car engines (Posada et al (2013)). The most important contribution comes from the selective catalytic reduction system (SCR) (50%), followed by the DPF (40%) and the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) (10%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DPF technology is in a state of optimization and cost reduction (Johnson (2009)). Such a cost reduction has to keep high filter performance, which is directly related with the monolith volume decrease (Posada et al (2013)). It is usually considered that pressure drop diminishes as the volume increases because of the filtration velocity reduction with the increasing filtration area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the impact of DPF downsizing and cellular geometry on filtration efficiency in pre- and post-turbine placement

Serrano

Bermúdez

Angiolini

2017

Journal of Aerosol Science

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The use of aftertreatment systems in reciprocating internal combustion engines is currently mandatory in order to comply worldwide with emission standards. Among these systems, the wall-flow diesel particulate filter (DPF) is in charge of the particulate matter removal. The DPF is conventionally placed downstream of the turbine. However, its placement upstream of the turbine is growing in interest because of the benefits in specific fuel consumption, passive regeneration and aptitude to downsizing. In the current work an in-house 1D wall-flow DPF model is applied to evaluate the effect of the DPF downsizing on filtration efficiency. Both pre-and post-turbine placement are considered in presence of clean and soot loaded substrates. Volume reduction is approached considering diameter and length variation. In parallel, the cell density is also varied modifying the meso-geometry, i.e. cell size and porous wall thickness, imposing constant thermal integrity factor. The sensitivity to this last parameter is also analysed being its influence of second order in comparison to volume and cellular geometry effects. The lower Peclet number in the pre-turbine placement leads to higher filtration efficiency than post-turbine location comparing at the same DPF volume. Diameter based volume reduction provides slightly better results in filtration efficiency because of the way the filtration velocity field is varied. This general behaviour involves additional advantages to the potential for volume reduction of pre-turbine DPFs. Thus, different strategies with boundaries defined by volume reduction at constant filtration area or at constant specific filtration area can be approached looking for the best balance between fuel economy reduction and filtration efficiency increase with pre-turbine DPF placement.

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“…The use of TWCs as aftertreatment system is desirable due to their wide distribution and relatively low cost compared to leanburn aftertreatment systems [7,8]. It is difficult to make a judgment about the benefits of combining HCCI with a TWC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Economy of a Multimode Combustion Engine With Three-Way Catalytic Converter

Nüesch

Stefanopoulou

Jiang

et al. 2014

Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control

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Highly diluted, low temperature homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) com-bustion leads to ultralow levels of engine-out NOx emissions. A standard drive cycle, however, would require switches between HCCI and spark-ignited (SI) combustion modes. In this paper we quantify the efficiency benefits of such a multimode combustion engine, when emission constraints are to be met with a three-way catalytic converter (TWC). The TWC needs unoccupied oxygen storage sites in order to achieve acceptable performance. The lean exhaust gas during HCCI operation, however, fills the oxygen storage and leads to a drop in NOx conversion efficiency. If levels of tailpipe NOx become unacceptable, a mode switch to a fuel rich combustion mode is necessary in order to deplete the oxygen storage and restore TWC efficiency. The resulting lean-rich cycling leads to a penalty in fuel economy. Another form of penalty originates from the lower combustion efficiency during a combustion mode switch itself. In order to evaluate the impact on fuel economy of those penalties, a finite state model for combustion mode switches is combined with a longitudinal vehicle model and a phenomenological TWC model, focused on oxygen storage. The aftertreatment model is calibrated using combus-tion mode switch experiments from lean HCCI to rich spark-assisted HCCI (SA-HCCI) and back. Fuel and emission maps acquired in steady-state experiments are used. Differ-ent depletion strategies are compared in terms of their influence on drive cycle fuel econ-omy and NOx emissions. It is shown that even an aggressive lean-rich cycling strategy will marginally satisfy the cumulated tailpipe NOx emission standards under warmed-up conditions. More notably, the cycling leads to substantial fuel penalties that negate most of HCCI’s efficiency benefits. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4028885]

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Estimated Cost of Emission Control Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles Part 2 - Diesel

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

Evaluation of exhaust gas recirculation techniques on a high-speed direct injection diesel engine using first law analysis

Evaluation of exhaust gas recirculation techniques on a high-speed direct injection diesel engine using first law analysis

On the impact of DPF downsizing and cellular geometry on filtration efficiency in pre- and post-turbine placement

Fuel Economy of a Multimode Combustion Engine With Three-Way Catalytic Converter

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