Estimated Annual Economic Burden of Dry Eye Disease Based on a Multi-Center Analysis in China: A Retrospective Study

Yang, Wendi; Wu, Shangcao; Niu, Xiao-Xia; Yan, Yanshuang; Qiao, Chen; Ming, Wei; Zhang, Ying; Wang, Haoyu; Dan, Chen; Qi, Mengying; Lan, Ke; Wang, Ying; Li, Liping; Li, Shaowei; Zeng, Qingyan

doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.771352

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…[ 7 ] The primary mechanism leading to DED is hyperosmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface. [ 8 ] The tear film of the eye consists of aqueous, mucous, and lipid components. Instability of one or more of these components can cause tear film breakdown, resulting in symptoms of DED.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry eye disease

Nguyen¹,

Kolluru²,

Beglarian³

2023

Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology

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Dry eye disease (DED) is a common chronic ocular disease. DED can have a significant impact on visual function, causing disturbances to comfort, daily activities, and general quality of life. The varied nature of DED makes it difficult to point to a specific cause of the syndrome. However, current literature agrees that the inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva plays a major role in its pathogenesis. Therapies targeted toward inflammation have shown varied success in the treatment of DED. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the prevalence and inflammatory pathophysiology of DED and discussion of the available anti-inflammatory therapies including the following: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and other hormonal therapies, nonsteroidal immunomodulators, biological tear replacement, antibiotics, dietary supplements, tea tree oil, and intense pulsed light.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry eye disease

Nguyen¹,

Kolluru²,

Beglarian³

2023

Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…DED is potentially associated with ocular surface injury and visual disturbance, which makes it the most common diagnosis in the eye care service [ 5 ]. Additionally, DED adversely affects the quality of life and decreases the workforce productivity, placing a large financial burden on patients and medical care system [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated with Dry Eye Disease and Corneal Surface Damage: A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study

Lai

Wang

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Rheumatoid arthritis is potentially connected to ocular disorders, such as corneal inflammation and lacrimal gland destruction. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of dry eye disease (DED) and corneal surface damage among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In a nationwide cohort study, we utilized Taiwan’s National Health Insurance research database and conducted propensity score matching to compare the risks of DED and corneal surface damage between patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis. Proportional hazards regression analyses were used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the outcomes of interest. The matching procedure generated 33,398 matched pairs with 501,377 person-years of follow-up for analyses. The incidence of DED was 23.14 and 10.25 per 1000 person-years in patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, rheumatoid arthritis was significantly associated with DED (aHR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.93–2.13, p < 0.0001). The association was generally consistent across the subgroups of age, sex, use of systemic corticosteroids, and different comorbidity levels. In addition, patients with rheumatoid arthritis had a higher risk of corneal surface damage (aHR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.21–1.51, p < 0.0001) compared to control subjects. Other independent factors for corneal surface damage were age and sleeping disorders. Rheumatoid arthritis was associated with an increased risk of DED and corneal surface damage. Ophthalmological surveillance is required to prevent vision-threatening complications in this susceptible population.

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“…At the same time, there is a huge economic burden on the health care system. A 2018 multicenter study in China showed annual DED administration costs of approximately $10.42-$166.6 billion [6]. Currently, the treatment of DED consists of moistening the ocular surface, promoting repair, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, surgical, and physical therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanism of Qiju Dihuang Pill against Dry Eye Disease

Zhao

et al. 2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Background. Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface, which affects the quality of life and work efficiency of affected patients. The traditional Chinese medicine formula Qiju Dihuang Pill (QJDHP) has a good therapeutic effect on DED. However, the pharmacological mechanism is not clear. Objective. To explore the mechanism of QJDHP in the treatment of DED based on network pharmacology. Method. The active components in QJDHP were screened in Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), and putative molecular targets of QJDHP were identified using the SwissTargetPrediction database. DED-related targets were screened by GeneCards and OMIM. We established protein-protein interaction (PPI) and core targets and corresponding active compound network by Cytoscape to identify the core targets and main compounds of QJDHP against DED. DAVID database was utilized for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the binding activity between key active compounds and core targets. Results. The results of network pharmacology showed that 253 targets of QJDHP were related to DED. PPI network analysis showed the 18 core targets. The binding affinity of docking results ranged from -5.7 to -9.3 kcal/mol, indicating a good docking effect. The results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the mechanism of QJDHP in the treatment of DED mainly involved biological processes such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, response to estrogen, angiogenesis, and the regulation of transcription factors. KEGG analysis showed that QJDHP may be regulated by the TNF signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and estrogen signaling pathway in the treatment of DED. Conclusion. In this study, we demonstrated the multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel action mechanism of QJDHP in the treatment of DED and provided a foundation for further drug development research.

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Estimated Annual Economic Burden of Dry Eye Disease Based on a Multi-Center Analysis in China: A Retrospective Study

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Dry eye disease

Dry eye disease

Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated with Dry Eye Disease and Corneal Surface Damage: A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study

Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanism of Qiju Dihuang Pill against Dry Eye Disease

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