Estimate of the sensitivity of an ELISA used to detect Johne's disease in Victorian dairy cattle herds

Jubb, Tristan; Sergeant, E.; Callinan, A. P. L.; Galvin, J. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2004.tb11206.x

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Ridge et al [48] estimated the Se of the ELISA test to be 88.3% in clinical cases, 48.8% in subclinical cases, and 59.7% in animals concurrently shedding MAP at time of sampling. Jubb et al [25], when estimating the Se of the ELISA used in low prevalence dairy herds during the Victorian JD test and control programme, showed differing sensitivities in animals in different age groups being lower in two to four-year-old animals and higher in older age groups with 13.5% the lowest estimate of Se. Sweeney et al [52] showed that the Se in low-level fecal shedders could be as low as 15%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and distribution of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in cattle herds in Ireland

Good¹,

Clegg

Sheridan³

et al. 2009

Ir Vet J

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A simple random survey was conducted in Ireland during 2005 to estimate the ELISA-prevalence of paratuberculosis, commonly called Johne's disease (JD), in the cattle population. Serum samples were collected from all 20,322 females/breeding bulls over 12 months-of-age in 639 herds. All samples were tested using a commercially available absorbed ELISA. The overall prevalence of infected herds, based on the presence of at least one ELISA-positive animal, was 21.4% (95% CI 18.4%-24.9%). Herd prevalence levels amongst dairy herds (mean 31.5%; 95% CI: 24.6%, 39.3%) was higher than among beef herds (mean 17.9%; 95% CI: 14.6%-21.8%). However, the animal level prevalence was similar. The true prevalence among all animals tested, was calculated to be 2.86% (95%CI: 2.76, 2.97) and for animals >= 2 yrs, it was 3.30% (95%CI: 3.17, 3.43). For animals in beef herds, true prevalence was 3.09% (95%CI: 2.93, 3.24), and for those in dairy herds, 2.74% (95%CI: 2.59, 2.90). The majority of herds had only one ELISA-positive infected animal. Only 6.4% (95% CI 4.7%-8.7%) of all herds had more than one ELISA-positive infected animal; 13.3% (CI 8.7%-19.7%) of dairy herds ranging from two to eight ELISA-positive infected animals; and, 3.9% beef herds (CI 2.4%-6.2%) ranging from two to five ELISA-positive infected animals. The true prevalence of herds infected and shedding Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is estimated to be 9.5% for all herd types; 20.6% for dairy herds; and 7.6% for beef herds. If ELISA positive animals <2-years-of-age are excluded, the true herd prevalene reduces to: 9.3% for all herd types; 19.6% for dairy herds; and 6.3% for beef herds based on a test specificity (Sp) of 99.8% and test sensitivity (Se) (i.e., ability to detect culture-positive, infected animals shedding at any level) of 27.8-28.9%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and distribution of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in cattle herds in Ireland

Good¹,

Clegg

Sheridan³

et al. 2009

Ir Vet J

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“…According to this immunologic dynamics, sensitivity of tests measuring MAP‐specific antibodies in the first subclinical stages would be relatively low. ELISA sensitivity has been estimated at 9–17% in subclinically infected animals shedding low numbers of MAP detectable by faecal culture (Whitlock et al., 2000; Jubb et al., 2004). Values ranging from 15% to 88% are reported as the disease progresses to clinical stages with increasing levels of faecal shedding (Sweeney et al., 1995; Dargatz et al., 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association among Results of Serum ELISA, Faecal Culture and Nested PCR on Milk, Blood and Faeces for the Detection of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Cows

Pinedo

Rae

Williams

et al. 2008

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Paratuberculosis is a chronic, infectious disease of ruminants that entails a serious concern for the cattle industry. One of the main issues relates to the efficiency of diagnosis of subclinically infected animals. The objective of this field study was to analyse the association among results of a serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), faecal culture and nested PCR tests on milk, blood and faeces for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis detection in dairy cows. Faeces, blood and milk samples were collected from 328 lactating dairy cows in four known infected herds. Results were analysed to determine associations and levels of agreement between pairs of tests. A total of 61 animals (18.6%) tested positive when all the tests were interpreted in parallel. The agreement between results in different pairs of tests was poor, slight and fair in two, five and three of the 10 possible combinations respectively. Faecal culture and faecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) resulted in the highest kappa coefficient (0.39; fair agreement), with the lowest agreement being for ELISA and blood PCR (-0.036; poor agreement). Fisher's exact test resulted in statistically significant associations (P < or = 0.05) between the following test pairs: ELISA : faecal culture; ELISA : faecal PCR; milk PCR : faecal PCR, blood PCR : faecal PCR and faecal culture : faecal PCR. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed the highest complementary sensitivity values for all the possible two-test combinations, followed by faecal PCR. The combined use of ELISA and faecal PCR has the potential to increase the overall sensitivity for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis infection.

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“…Calves are mostly infected in early life, with high shedding and clinical disease commonly occurring at 2 to 5 years of age (37). Previous attempts to eradicate the disease from infected herds have frequently failed, despite a high degree of organizational and financial efforts (3,26). This is most likely due to the ubiquitous presence of the pathogen in the environments of infected herds (39) and its very great tenacity (7,20,52).…”

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confidence: 99%

Peptide aMptD-Mediated Capture PCR for Detection ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin Bulk Milk Samples

Stratmann

Dohmann

Heinzmann

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A peptide-mediated capture PCR for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bulk milk samples was developed and characterized. Capture of the organism was performed using peptide aMptD, which had been shown to bind to the M. avium subsp. Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a chronic and incurable granulomatous enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (29). The disease occurs worldwide with increasing frequency (32) and has a considerable economic impact on the livestock industry (21). Calves are mostly infected in early life, with high shedding and clinical disease commonly occurring at 2 to 5 years of age (37). Previous attempts to eradicate the disease from infected herds have frequently failed, despite a high degree of organizational and financial efforts (3,26). This is most likely due to the ubiquitous presence of the pathogen in the environments of infected herds (39) and its very great tenacity (7,20,52).An economically feasible alternative to eradication would be a control program aiming at the early identification and removal of high shedders, thereby reducing environmental contamination and infectious pressure on the herd. High shedders are more likely to secrete M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk (50), and in addition, in herds with high shedders the pathogen is more likely to enter the milk by fecal contamination (8). Therefore, bulk milk might be a suitable diagnostic substrate for such an approach. Since the general infrastructure for testing of bulk milk from farms (i.e., untreated raw milk) is established (25), regular testing of this milk for the presence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis could allow early detection of herds with high shedders. The most convenient and amenable methods for such detection of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA in milk are enrichment via immunomagnetic separation (17,28,38) and peptide-mediated capture (47) followed by PCR, as these methods can be adapted to high-throughput testing using standard laboratory automation.In the study presented here, we followed this approach, using the phage display-derived peptide aMptD (46) for the capture of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk samples. The aMptD peptide was shown to bind to the surface-exposed MptD protein of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (ORF 3733C) (31), which is part of an M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific pathogenicity island (46), and therefore this method, in contrast to the previously described peptide-mediated capture assay (47), is based on a defined receptor-ligand interaction. Furthermore, we thoroughly elucidated the strain and species cross-specificity of peptide aMptD for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis by performing competitive capture assays, and we determined the kinetics and affinity of the receptor-ligand interaction by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) (27) in BIAcore biosensor experiments. Finally, in order to

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Estimate of the sensitivity of an ELISA used to detect Johne's disease in Victorian dairy cattle herds

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Prevalence and distribution of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in cattle herds in Ireland

Prevalence and distribution of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in cattle herds in Ireland

Association among Results of Serum ELISA, Faecal Culture and Nested PCR on Milk, Blood and Faeces for the Detection of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Cows

Peptide aMptD-Mediated Capture PCR for Detection ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin Bulk Milk Samples

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